济宁市禽流感职业暴露人群血清学和环境禽流感监测分析

摘要:目的　了解济宁市职业暴露人群禽流感病毒的接触感染状况和环境禽流感病毒分布情况。方法　2010-2014年采集禽流感职业暴露人群的血清标本，采用马红细胞血凝抑制试验检测职业暴露人群H5N1血凝素抗体，采集环境标本采用Real-time PCR对标本进行A型及H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒核酸检测。结果　本研究共采集677份家禽规模养殖场等禽流感职业暴露人群血清标本，进行H5N1抗体检测结果均为阴性；共采集城乡活禽市场等各类监测点的水、禽类（含候鸟）粪便及笼具表面等环境标本1754份，经核酸检测A型阳性28份（1.60%），H9亚型阳性10份（35.71%），H5亚型阳性1份（3.57%），A未分型15份（53.57%），2份样本H9、H5均为阳性，未检出H7亚型。仅从城乡活禽市场和规模养殖场检测到阳性标本，野生候鸟栖息地及其他场所未检测出阳性标本。粪便等不同类型标本中均检出阳性标本。结论　济宁市城乡活禽市场和规模养殖场中有H5、H9禽流感病毒存在，城乡活禽市场是禽流感病毒重要的存在场所，存在人感染禽流感风险，应加强禽流感监测并做好综合性防控措施。

Monitoring and analysis about serology of occupational exposure crowd and environment of avian influenza,Jining City

Abstract: Objective To explore the status of human infection and environmental infection with avian influenza virus in Jining City. Methods Epidemiological surveys were used to collect related data and blood serum. Collected poultry breeding were used to detect H5N1 from 2010 to 2014. RT-PCR was applied to detect the subtype (A、H5、H7 and H9) by specimens collected from the live poultry or related markets. Results The samples of 677 serum were tested for H5N1 antibodies from occupational exposures crowd of bird flu in poultry farms. The results of sera diagnosis for poultry breeding population were negative. 1754 environmental samples were collected from sewage sanitary and basket surface in live poultry markets. The positive rates of avian influenza A virus, H9 subtype, H5 subtype and untyped A were 1.60%, 35.71%, 3.57% and 53.57%. There were 2 samples H9 and H5 positive. H7 subtype was not detected in our study. All the positive viruses were detected from live poultry or related markets and different samples could be detected the positive virus. Conclusion Avian influenza virus H5, H9 subtypes existed in live poultry markets and poultry farms in Jining City, with highly pathogenic avian influenza risk to human, so avian influenza virus infection monitoring should be strengthened on poultry breeding population.