某残疾福利机构诺如病毒感染及相关因素分析

摘要:目的　通过对一起诺如病毒感染性腹泻疫情的调查处置，了解疫情发生发展特点，分析引起暴发的各种因素，探讨控制措施。方法　对某残疾人托管中心相关病例开展现场流行病学调查，用荧光PCR法检测病人粪便样本。结果　调查共发现患者54例，罹患率为13.78%（54/392），其中托管对象罹患率为18.82%（51/271），工作人员罹患率为2.48%（3/121），两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。托管对象中男性发病30例，女性发病21例，男女罹患率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。病例采样15例经荧光定量RT-PGR检测，结果14例患者诺如病毒Ⅱ型阳性。通过集中隔离治疗、环境消毒、独立洗涤用品和健康教育等措施，疫情在一个最长潜伏期内得以控制。结论　诺如病毒通过多种途径易在集体生活人群中发生，发生疫情及时采取综合控制措施可以避免疫情扩散。

Analysis on infectious diarrhea outbreak disposal and related factors in a welfare center for handicapped

Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to understand the developmental characteristics and the related factors of infectious diarrhea outbreak caused by norovirus, in order to discuss the control measures regarding this outbreak. Methods A field epidemiological investigation was implemented in related cases in one welfare center for handicapped. And the fluorescence PCR method was used to test the feces samples. Results A total of 54 cases were found and surveyed, with the attack rate being 13.78% (54/392), the difference of the attack rates (18.82% to 2.48%) between hosting targets18.82% (51/271) and the difference was significance statistically (P<0.05). The difference between the genders was not statistical significance. Fourteen positive cases of Novovirus type Ⅱ were found in 15 testing cases by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. This outbreak event was controlled finally in one longest incubation period by treatment in isolation, environmental disinfection and other methods. Conclusion Novovirus could break out by all ranges of pathway in the group life. The integrated measures in time can avoid the transmission of the virus effectively.