超细粉体的制备方法

超细粉体具有一些普通物质所不具备的特性,其中纳米材料具有广泛的应用价值.综述了纳米材料的主要制备方法,包括固相法(机械粉碎法、固相反应法)、液相法(沉淀法、水热法、微乳液法、溶胶凝胶法、水解法、溶剂蒸发法、电化学法)和气相法(气体中蒸发法、气相化学反应法、溅射法、流动油面上真空沉积法、金属蒸气合成法)等.简要讨论了各种制备方法的进展.

The Preparation Methods of Ultrafine Powder

Nano-particles belong to ultrafine powder and have special properties.Nanometre materials are extensively used.The preparing methods of nanometre materials are reviewed.These methods include solid phase method(mechanical pulverization method,solid phase reaction method),liquid phase method(precipitation method,hydrothermal reaction method,micro-lacteous method,sol-gel method,hydrolysis method,solvent vaporization method,electrochemistry method) and gas phase method(atmosphere vaporization method,gas phase chemical reaction,spout method,vacuum deposition on the oil surface,metal gas composition).The advantages,disadvantages and research of these methods are discussed.