原位回肠与乙状结肠尿流改道再造膀胱:10年资料回顾

背景:长期随访结果发现,原位回肠尿流改道再造膀胱方法可致酸碱平衡及营养代谢障碍,另外回肠位置较高,必须有较长的系膜方可使膀胱位于盆腔且与尿道吻合处的张力不致过高.而乙状结肠位置靠近尿道,且原位乙状结肠尿流改道再造膀胱具有对电解质酸碱平衡及营养代谢影响较小,分泌黏液较少等特点.目的:采用长期随访形式比较膀胱癌患者采用回肠和乙状结肠再造膀胱的优劣.设计:回顾性分析.单位:昆明医学院第二附属医院泌尿外科.对象:选择1995-01/2005-03昆明医学院第二附属医院泌尿外科住院的膀胱癌患者164例.行原位回肠尿流改道再造膀胱96例(回肠组),男74例,女22例,年龄43～74岁;行原位乙状结肠尿流改道再造膀胱68例(乙状结肠组),男64例,女4例,年龄51～72岁.所有患者均经病理检查确诊;患者及家属均对治疗方案知情同意.治疗方案经医院伦理委员会批准.方法:①原位回肠尿流改道再造膀胱:膀胱全切后,距回盲瓣15～20 cm处截取40～60 cm长带蒂回肠袢制作储尿囊,双侧输尿管吻合于两端预留肠管,储尿囊最低部与尿道残端吻合.②原位乙状结肠尿流改道再造膀胱:膀胱全切后,截取30～40 cm长带蒂乙状结肠制作储尿囊.双侧输尿管同上法吻合于近端预留肠管.主要观察指标:观察手术时间、术中失血量、下床活动时间、术后留置单J管及尿管时间.以定期复诊的方式进行随访,观察患者控尿排尿能力、尿动力学分析结果以及术后早期与晚期膀胱相关并发症.结果:164例患者失访12例(7.3%).回肠组平均随访46个月,乙状结肠组为42个月.两组术中失血量、术后控尿效果相近(P >0.05),原位回肠尿流改道组手术耗时较长,术后恢复较慢,新膀胱容量较大(t =2.56～3.08,P < 0.05～0.01).原位回肠尿流改道组术后早期及晚期膀胱相关并发症发生率分别为16.7%,29.2%,均高于乙状结肠组(9%,16%),其中晚期并发症发生率比较,差异有显著性意义(χ2 = 5.426,P < 0.05).结论:原位乙状结肠尿流改道再造膀胱耗时短、恢复快、术后并发症发生率低.

Orthotopic sigmoid neobladder versus orthotopic ileal neobladder as a bladder substitute: 10-year retrospective analysis

BACKGROUND: A long-term follow-up indicates that orthotopic ileal neobladder can cause acid-base balance and nutritional metabolic disorder. Otherwise, a long mesenterium is necessary to balance the tension of bladder at pelvic cavity and urinary inosculation due to a high position of ileum. On the contrary, sigmoid neobladder is near by urinary canal, and orthotopic sigmoid neobladder as a bladder substitute after radical cystectomy has few effects on acid-base balance of electrolytes, nutritional metabolism and secretion of mucus.OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results of these two operations basis on long-term follow-up. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis.SETTING: Department of Urinary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: 164 patients with carcinoma of bladder were selected from Department of Urinary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College form January 1995 to March 2005. Ninety-six of them, including 74 males and 22 females, with age of 43-74 years and the average age of 65 years, accepted the operation of orthotopic ileal neobladder were regarded as the ileal neobladder group, and the other 68, including 64 males and 4 females, with age of 51-72 years and the average age of 62 years, accepted the operation of orthotopic sigmoid neobladder were regarded as the sigmoid neobladder group. All patients were finally diagnosed as pathological examination, and informed consent was provided by all patients. Treatment plan was approved by the local ethical committee.METHODS: ① Orthotopic ileal neobladder: Once the bladder was removed, a segment of ileum about 40-60 cm in length was isolated. In the operative procedure, the distal part of ileum which connected to the caecum often kept, the length of which was 15-20 cm. Both distal ends of the ureters were anastomosed to the homolateral not been split end of the isolated bowel. A perforation was constructed at the bottom of the pouch which served as the outlet, this outlet was then anastomosed to the proximal portion of the remaining urethra. ② Orthotopic sigmoid neobladder: After surgically removing the bladder, a part of the sigmoid colon, the length of which was 30-40 cm was isolated. Other operations were as the same as those mentioned above. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time of operation, blood loss during the procedure, length of time confined to bed, time of indwelling catheter, the ability to maintain continence and urinate, the results of urodynamic studies, and pouch related complications after operation.RESULTS: In 164 patients, 12 (7.3%) were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up times were 46 months in the group of orthotopic ileal neobladder and 42 months in the group of orthotopic sigmoid neobladder, respectively. Blood loss during the procedure and the ability to maintain continence and urinate were similar in the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with sigmoid neobladder group, the ileal neobladder group spent more time on operation, keeping the bed and indwelling catheter. The max volume of ileal pouch was higher than that of sigmoid pouch, and the difference was significant in statistic analysis (t=2.56-3.08, P < 0.05-0.01). Incidence of complication of ileal pouch (16.7%, 29.2%) was higher than that of sigmoid pouch (9%, 16%). The incidence in the early phase was not significantly different, but that in the late phase was significantly different (x2=5.426, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with orthotopic ileal neobladder, sigmoid neobladder is worthy of being preferred for its shorter operative time, faster recovery and lower rate of pouch related complications.