烤烟几个重要植物学性状的遗传分析

利用“主基因+多基因”混合遗传模型的6个世代联合分离分析方法, 分析烤烟组合丸叶×Coker319几个重要植物学性状的遗传效应。结果表明, 烤烟的株高、叶数、叶面积和鲜叶重受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制, 株高与叶数遗传以加性效应及显性×显性上位性效应为主, 叶面积和鲜叶重各遗传效应相差不多, 其上位性效应>加性效应>显性效应, F₂世代的主基因遗传率分别为57.53%、42.63%、30.32%和44.26%。移栽至中心花开放天数受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制, 以加性×加性上位性效应、加性效应及显性×显性上位性效应为主, 主基因遗传率为64.79%。茎围和比叶重均受1对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制, 茎围遗传以多基因为主, 其多基因加性效应和显性效应大小相当, 比叶重遗传主基因、多基因的加性效应和显性效应大致相当, 主基因遗传率分别为2.48%和38.71%。叶形指数受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制, 主基因加性效应与显性效应基本相当, 主基因遗传率为49.64%。叶长、叶宽、节距和蒴果重受加性-显性-上位性多基因控制, 多基因遗传率分别为60.75%、62.14%、75.08%和82.34%。

Genetic Analysis of Several Important Botanic Traits in Flue-cured Tobacco

The joint segregation analysis method of mixed major gene plus polygene genetic model was used to study the inheritance of important botanic traits in flue-cured tobacco. Six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, B₁, B₂ and F₂) from the crosses (Wanye×Coker319) were investigated. It was found that plant height, leaf number, leaf area and fresh leaf weight in flue-cured tobacco appeared to be a quantitative trait and their inheritances fitted to a mixed genetic model of two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects (E0 model). Plant height and leaf number was mainly controlled by the additive effect and the epistatic effect of dominance × dominance. The additive, dominant and epistatic effects which the epistatic effect > the additive effect > the dominance effect of leaf area and fresh leaf weight were all important. Heritabilities of the major genes were estimated to be 57.53%, 42.63%, 30.32% and 44.26% in F₂. The inheritance of days of transplanting to flowering fitted to a mixed genetic model of two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant effects (E1 model) and it was mainly dominated by the epistatic effect of additive × additive, the additive effect, and the epistatic effect of dominance × dominance, the heritability of the major gene was 64.79% in F₂. The inheritance of stem girth and leaf mass per area fitted to a mixed genetic model of one major gene with complete dominant effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant effects (D3 model), stem girth was principally controlled by polygenes which additive effect was equal to its dominance effect, the heritability of the major gene was 2.48% and 38.71% in F₂. The inheritance of leaf index fitted to a mixed genetic model of one major gene with additive- dominant effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant- epistatic effects (D0 model), the additive effect and the dominance effect of the major gene was almost equal, the heritability of the major gene was 49.64% in F₂. Leaf length, leaf width, internodal distance and capsule weight fitted to a mixed genetic model of polygenes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects (C0 model), the heritability of the polygenes were 60.75%, 62.14%, 75.08% and 82.34% in F₂.