Results of an international drug testing service for cryptomarket users |
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| Affiliation: | 1. C.S. Puerta Bonita I. SERMAS. Madrid (Spain) c/Alegría 24, 28028 Madrid, Spain;2. Energy Control (ABD). Barcelona (Spain) C/Llibertat, 27, 08012 Barcelona, Spain;3. Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;4. National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;5. Centre of Population Health, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia;1. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;2. School of Medicine (Psychology), Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia;3. National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Shenton Park, WA, Australia;4. School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;5. Burnet Institute, Centre for Population Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. University of Kent, United Kingdom;2. Macquarie University, Australia;3. Université de Montréal, Canada;4. University of Manchester, United Kingdom;1. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;2. University of Tasmania, School of Medicine, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia;3. National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia;1. School of Criminology, University of Montreal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Canada;2. International Centre for Comparative Criminology (ICCC), Canada;3. School of Law, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;1. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;2. University of Tasmania, School of Medicine, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia;1. Institut de Police Scientifique, Ecole des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Forensic Laboratory, National Bureau of Investigation, PO Box 285, 01301 Vantaa, Finland |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionUser surveys indicate that expectations of higher drug purity are a key reason for cryptomarket use. In 2014–2015, Spain's NGO Energy Control conducted a 1-year pilot project to provide a testing service to cryptomarket drug users using the Transnational European Drug Information (TEDI) guidelines. In this paper, we present content and purity data from the trial.Methods219 samples were analyzed by gas chromatography associated with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Users were asked to report what substance they allegedly purchased.Results40 different advertised substances were reported, although 77.6% were common recreational drugs (cocaine, MDMA, amphetamines, LSD, ketamine, cannabis). In 200 samples (91.3%), the main result of analysis matched the advertised substance. Where the advertised compound was detected, purity levels (m ± SD) were: cocaine 71.6 ± 19.4%; MDMA (crystal) 88.3 ± 1.4%; MDMA (pills) 133.3 ± 38.4 mg; Amphetamine (speed) 51.3 ± 33.9%; LSD 123.6 ± 40.5 μg; Cannabis resin THC: 16.5 ± 7.5% CBD: 3.4 ± 1.5%; Ketamine 71.3 ± 38.4%. 39.8% of cocaine samples contained the adulterant levamisole (11.6 ± 8%). No adulterants were found in MDMA and LSD samples.DiscussionThe largest collection of test results from drug samples delivered from cryptomarkets are reported in this study. Most substances contained the advertised ingredient and most samples were of high purity. The representativeness of these results is unknown. |
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| Keywords: | Cryptomarkets Drug markets Purity Adulterants Drug checking Drug trend monitoring |
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