变应原气道激发在变应性鼻炎和哮喘研究中的作用研究进展

随着城市化进程,环境及生活方式的改变,我国变应性疾病发病率逐年升高。目前认为变应性鼻炎和哮喘的发病主要是在遗传基因、环境因素共同作用下导致,但具体发病机制复杂,尚未完全清楚。慢性气道炎症和气道高反应性是变应性鼻炎和哮喘的典型的病理生理特征。环境中变应原的暴露可诱发疾病症状发作,引起气道及全身炎症反应增加,并导致气道敏感性/反应性升高。人为给予变应性鼻炎或哮喘患者呼吸道变应原吸入刺激,可以模拟其变应原自然暴露所致疾病症状发作,研究其病理生理变化,尚可通过药物干预评估其对症状及炎症抑制程度评估药物治疗效果。同时变应性鼻炎和哮喘作为上下气道疾病,相互影响,通过一端变应原刺激研究气道另一端症状及炎症反应,探讨上下气道之间的联系。屋尘螨为我国,特别是南方地区最主要、最常见的变应原,与疾病关系密切。主要从屋尘螨变应原鼻激发和支气管激发方法学及其在鼻炎和哮喘的研究中的应用作一综述。

Allergen inhalation challenge in the research of allergic rhinitis and asthma

The prevalence of allergic disease is increasing in China with the progress of urbanization and the environmental and lifestyle changes. The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma is currently believed to be mainly caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, but the specific mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness are typical pathophysiological features of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Natural exposure to allergens in the environment can induce exacerbation of the symptoms, cause increases in airway and systemic inflammation, and lead to increased airway hyperresponsiveness. Stimulation by inhalation of allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma can induce the onset of symptoms induced by natural allergen exposure, which can be used as a model for studying the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma and to evaluate the efficacy of treatment drugs for both conditions. As they occur in the same airway and as a single disease, allergic rhinitis and asthma impact each other. The relationship between the upper and lower airways can be examined by stimulating one end and observing the reaction of the other end of the airways. House dust mites are one of the most common allergens and well related to the severity of allergic rhinitis and asthma in China, especially in the southern areas. In this review, we summarized the application of allergen nasal and bronchial provocation in the research of allergic rhinitis and asthma.