石油储层地球化学的原理及应用

储层地球化学是一门新兴的地学边缘学科，近几年，它已成为评价储层含油特征的重要手段，其核心内容是研究储层流体的非均质性。储层中石油组成的变化除由生物降解和水洗引起外，油源岩相和成熟度的变化同样能造成石油组成的非均质性。识别储层流体的非均质性不仅是重建油气聚集史的基础，而且还能为石油开发提供重要信息。这样能降低勘探目标的风险和油田开发费用。储层流体特征的旧纳依赖于油气、岩心抽提物的地化分析，其研究成果在勘探早期到油田生产结束过程中都能得到应用。

THE PRINCIPLE OF PETROLEUM RESERVOIR GEOCHEMISTRY AND ITS APPLICATION

Petroleum reservoir geochemistry,which is a new frontier discipline,has re-cently become an important means in petroliferous characterization studies.Of these stud-ies the reservoir fluid heterogeneity study is the focus of the current investigation. In addi-tion to biodegradation and water washing effects,compositional variation in petroleum ac-cumulation may be interpreted as being due to source facies and maturity variation inpetroleum charge feeding the accumulation.Recognition of compositional heterogeneitieswithin the oil column of individual fields may not only provide a basis for the reconstruc-tion of reservoir filling history,but may also have important implications for improvingpetroleum production. This ultimately results in lower risks for exploration prospects andlower costs for field development.To a large extent,the characteristics of reservoir fluidare determined by geochemical analyses of oil,gas and core extracts, The theme of thispaper can be applied from the early stages of exploration to the end of field production.