圆度、圆柱度和同轴度的测量原理及数据处理的解析方法

在形位公差国标的贯彻中，形位误差的精确测量是一项很重要的工作。目前，测量圆度的仪器主要有圆度仪，而测量圆柱度和同轴度还没有专用的测量设备，配有电子计算机进行数据处理的也很少见。本文的目的是提供一种圆度、圆柱度和同轴度的测量原理和用于电子计算机的线性数据处理的解析方法为设计新的专用测量设备用的。这样，与通用测量设备相比可以进一步提高测量的精度和效率。由于圆度测量及数据处理是上述三种项目测量的基础，因此本文以圆度的测量及数据处理的解析方法作为重点加以介绍，同时对被测零件的安装精度提出了要求。

MEASURING PRINCIPLES AND ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR DATA PROCESSING OF ROUNDNESS CYLINDRICITY AND COAXALITY

In the implementation of the National Standard for Form and Position Tolerances an Important task is the accurate measurement of form and position errors. Presently, roundness measuring instruments are available while special instruments for measuring cylindricity and coaxality are non-existent. Measuring instruments equipped with data processing facilities are rare. This paper presents the}principles for measuring roundness, cylindricity and coaxality as well as the analytical method for linear data processing on computer. These will be helpful to the design of new special measuring instruments. In comparison with the general purpose instruments, these new equipments might improve the accuracy and efficiency of .measurement. Due to the fact that roundness measurement with data processing is the foundation of the above-mentioned three items of measurements, this paper thus lay main emphasis on the introduction of measurement and data processing of roundness; meantime the requirements for setting up of the measured parts are presented also.