以分子标记辅助连续回交快速提高花生品种油酸含量及对其后代农艺性状的评价

高油酸是花生重要的品质性状,高油酸花生及其制品具有较好的品质稳定性和较高的营养和保健价值。我国高油酸花生的育成品种类型较少,遗传背景不够丰富,育种手段比较单一。针对上述问题,本研究开发了AS-PCR-MP高油酸分子标记检测方法,优化了KASP分子标记检测体系,利用分子标记辅助连续回交,结合近红外品质快速检测技术及南繁加代技术,以河南省大面积推广的豫花15、远杂9102、豫花9327、豫花9326四个不同类型品种为轮回亲本, 5年内连续回交4代、自交4代,定向获得了4个轮回亲本遗传背景的BC4F4和BC4F5稳定高油酸改良材料24个。调查分析了BC4F4和BC4F5单株的13个农艺性状与轮回亲本的相似度,并利用轮回亲本与非轮回亲本之间的差异SNP的KASP分子标记进行了BC4F4和BC4F5株系的轮回亲本遗传背景检测。结果表明,轮回亲本的遗传背景在BC4F5的比例为79.49%～92.31%。本研究为快速高效改良花生油酸含量探索了新的方法,获得的新品系拓展了高油酸花生的遗传背景,获得的一系列近等基因系可作为遗传研究材料进一步加以利用。

Improvement of oleic acid content in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by marker assisted successive backcross and agronomic evaluation of derived lines

High oleic acid content is a key quality trait in peanut varieties. Peanut and its products with high oleic acid content possess better quality stability and nutrition for benefiting peanut processing and human health. To date, the released high oleic acid varieties were few and most of which were derived by conventional breeding with narrow genetic background. In this study, Allele Specific-PCR-Mispairing (AS-PCR-MP) method and optimized KASP assay system were developed to facilitate successive marker-assisted backcross breeding strategy for high oleic acid content. We also applied Near Infra-Red technology and winter nursery in the five-year successive backcross and selfing. Four types of cultivars (Yuhua 15, Yuanza 9102, Yuhua 9327, and Yuhua 9326) were selected as recurrent parents for backcrossing. Twenty-four BC₄F₄ and BC₄F₅ stable lines with different genetic backgrounds and high oleic acid content were produced from four generations of successive backcrosses and four generations of BC₄ selfing. Similarities between BC₄ selfing progenies and recurrent parents were analyzed based on 13 agronomic traits. The recovery rate of genetic background for BC₄F₄ and BC₄F₅ was investigated by designing KASP assays with SNPs that were polymorphic between recurrent parents and non-recurrent parents. The proportion of genetic background of recurrent parents in BC₄F₅ was 79.49% to 92.31%. This study provides a new strategy for efficiently improving oleic acid content of peanuts with diverse genetic backgrounds. The near isogenic lines obtained in this study could be valuable genetic resources for further utilizations.