大黄鱼脊椎骨及其早期发育研究

为完善大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的骨骼生物学特性和以脊椎骨为数量性状的新品种选育提供理论依据,作者统计了大黄鱼成鱼脊椎骨骨节数量性状,并采用软骨—硬骨双染色方法对其成体及5~40日龄仔稚幼鱼脊椎骨骨节的发育过程进行观察,并对骨节数量和生长进行统计分析。结果表明:统计成体48尾中,骨节数主要是26,占83.3%,具有27、25个骨节的分别占12.5%和4.17%。骨节组成也不尽一致,26个骨节的组成有两种,一种是由11个腹椎和15个尾椎组成,另一种是由12个腹椎和14个尾椎组成;而27个骨节的由12个腹椎和15个尾椎组成,25个骨节的由11个腹椎和14个尾椎组成。在水温24~25℃、盐度25~26培育条件下,仔稚幼鱼鱼苗22日龄骨节出现骨化现象,38日龄完全骨化,骨节数量有25个、26个和27个3种,分别占比总数的11.54%、73.08%和15.38%;脊椎骨发育过程中出现了椎骨融合、脉棘和髓棘冗余、分叉以及椎体增生等发育异常现象。骨节的长度(y)与日龄(x1)的关系符合二项式y=0.0095x²–0.0981x+3.7161(R²=0.9607),平均增长率为0.295 mm/d。

Spinal vertebrae of a large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) along with its early development

To provide a theoretical basis for improving the biology of Larimichthys crocea and for breeding new varieties with vertebrae as quantitative characters,we conducted a statistical analysis of the spinal joints of the parent L.crocea by the double staining method.We statistically analyzed the growth and development of the spinal joints of an adult large yellow croaker,as well as the number and growth of the vertebral joints of the adult,juvenile,and offspring(aged 5-40 days)species of the croaker.The results showed that among 48 parents,83.3%had 26 nodes,12.5%had 27 nodes,and 4.17%had 25 nodes.There are two types of vertebrae in L.crocea with 26 joints.The first one comprises 11 abdominal vertebrae and 15 coccyges,whereas the second one comprises 12 abdominal vertebrae and 14 coccyges.The spine of L.crocea with 27 joints consists of 12 abdominal vertebrae and 15 coccyges;however,the spine of L.crocea with 25 joints consists of 11 abdominal vertebrae and 14 coccyges.Ossification appeared at the age of 22 days and was completed at the age of 38 days,under the conditions when the water temperature is 24℃–25℃with salinity of 25–26.There are also three types of the number of bone joints(25,26,and 27),which accounted for 11.54%,73.08%,and 15.38%of total numbers,respectively.Some abnormal phenomena such as the fusion of vertebrae,redundancy,the bifurcation of hemal and neural spines,and the hyperplasia of vertebrae were also observed during the development process of the vertebrae.The relationship between the node length(y)and day-age(x1)was y=0.0095x²–0.0981x+3.7161(R²=0.9607),and it shows a negative heterotopic growth with an average growth rate of 0.295 mm/d.