近30年来莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征研究

基于莱州湾滨海湿地特征以及野外实地观测数据,利用landsat遥感影像手段,揭示1990—2018年莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征,并结合景观指数分析莱州湾滨海湿地异质性.结果表明,1990—2018年间,莱州湾滨海湿地呈现人工滨海湿地面积增加而天然滨海湿地面积减少的趋势.截至2018年莱州湾滨海湿地面积总计1954 ...

Characteristics of changes occurring in the landscape patterns in the coastal wetlands of the Laizhou Bay in the last 30 years

The development and usage of the various coastal zones in different regions of the Laizhou Bay are quite different, with the presence of diverse landscape types and significant spatial heterogeneity. The characteristics of landscape pattern changes in the coastal wetlands of the Laizhou Bay, from 1990 to 2018, were revealed by using Landsat remote sensing and a localized investigation, combined with landscape indexing to analyze the heterogeneity of coastal wetlands. The results show that the natural wetland area has decreased whereas the artificial wetland area has increased in size in the Laizhou Bay during the 1990-2018 period. In 2018, the natural wetland area was about 811 km² and the artificial coastal wetland area was 1 143 km², occupying about 42% and 58%, respectively, of the total 1 954 km² of coastal wetlands in the Laizhou Bay. The trend that we are seeing, of coastal wetlands being converted to construction land, is obvious. The Number of Patches (NP), the Landscape Shape Index (LSI), and other landscape index values, have been increasing year after year, indicating that the landscape pattern of the Laizhou Bay is changing significantly and the degree of fragmentation is being exacerbated. The driving forces causing these landscape pattern changes, among different shores of coastal wetlands in the Laizhou Bay area, are varied. The natural driving forces, that cause the degree of fragmentation to increase, are estuarine erosion and seawater intrusion, while the artificial driving forces are mainly from the development and utilization of urban construction, port aquaculture, and the salt industry. This paper aims to provide some technical understanding behind the causes of the ecological degradation of the Laizhou Bay, the rational utilization and optimization of land space layout and the effective measures to protect and restore coastal wetlands.