复杂条件下遗煤开采岩层控制理论与关键技术研究

为解决我国老矿区资源枯竭,优质稀缺煤种匮乏、矿井服务年限不足等问题,通过理论分析、实验、数值模拟等方法系统研究了我国遗煤储量及类型、复杂条件下遗煤资源开采矿山压力显现规律、岩层控制机理及判定方法、构造充填岩控技术及工艺装备。取得了以下创新性成果:①首次摸清了我国遗煤储量、分布及类型等,遗煤资源开采可增加我国30%的煤炭储量,其开采将增加主要产煤省的煤炭储采比,提出了遗煤资源开采急需解决的技术难题;②揭示了复杂条件下遗煤开采的"应力场-结构场-变形场"时空演化与矿压显现规律,建立复杂条件下遗煤开采岩层移动预测模型;③发现复合残采区整层遗煤资源开采存在"主控岩层结构",建立了"扰动块体梁"结构模型和"上控制层+下承载层"结构模型,揭示复杂条件下遗煤开采岩层控制机理,构建了以"主控岩层结构稳定"为核心的复杂条件下遗煤开采可行性定量判定理论体系;④研发了综合柱旁充填、"梁-柱"式充填岩移控制技术、固体资源化充填材料和制备输送系统,充填效果监测技术,发明了复杂条件下遗煤开采构造充填岩控技术及工艺装备,形成了复杂条件下遗煤开采关键技术体系。该成果对延长服务年限、保证国家能源供给具有重要意义。

Basic theories and key technologies of rock strata control for residual coal resources mining under complex conditions

In order to solve the problems such as the resources depletion in China’s old mining areas,the shortage of high-quality scarce coal and the insufficient service life of mines,the theoretical analysis,experiments,and numerical simulations for residual coal resources under complex conditions were studied systematically. Meanwhile,the behavioral law of mining pressure for mines,the mechanism of controlling rock strata and judgement methods,the control rock strata technology of filling structures and technological equipment are also researched. The following innovative results have been achieved: ①The remaining coal reserves,distributions,types and other features have been identified,indicating that mining residual coal resources can increase China’s coal reserve by about 30 percent and the reserve-production ratio of major coal-producing provinces. The technical problems urgently needed to be solved in the exploitation of the residual coal resources are also put forward;②The spatial-temporal evolution of the " stress fields-structure fields-deformation fields",and the manifestation pressure of the mine pressure under complex conditions are revealed. ③ It is found that there is a " main controlling rock structure" for the entire layer of residual coal resources in the composite residual mining area. A " disturbed block beam" structural model and " upper control layer + lower load bearing layer" model were established to reveal the residual coal under complex residual coal mining conditions. The control mechanism of mining strata,a theoretical system for quantitative determination of the feasibility of coal mining under complex conditions with " main control stratum structure stability" as the core was constructed;④The rock strata control technology of a comprehensive pillar side filling and " beam-pillar" filling was developed,solid resource-based filling material and corresponding preparation conveying system,and backfilling effect monitoring technology were also studied. Strata filling control technology and equipment with structural filling under complex mining were invented,formulating a key technical system of residual coal mining under complicated conditions. This achievement is of great significance for extending the service life and ensuring the national energy supply.