成都市疾控中心犬伤门诊免疫预防人群流行病学特征分析

目的 通过分析狂犬病暴露人群的流行特征、犬伤者伤口处理与免疫接种现状,探讨降低狂犬病发病率的有效措施.方法 对2010年1～12月在成都市疾控中心进行狂犬疫苗免疫接种登记在册的3 012名患者进行回顾性流行病学调查分析.结果 3 012例门诊免疫预防人群中只有14例实施基础免疫,其余的2 998例是犬伤人群,其年龄分布以20～50岁的青壮年居多,共接诊1 376例,占犬伤人数的46％；地区分布以成都市主城区为主,共2 569例占85.01％；致伤后24h内就诊2 330例,占78％;犬类伤害占80.99％；伤害的部位以四肢为主,伤害程度以Ⅲ级暴露为主.结论 实施暴露后的规范处理、提高暴露后免疫依从性和基础免疫率,加强狂犬病预防的健康教育,是预防狂犬病最关键的手段.

Epidemiological Analysis on the out-patients of Rabies Admitted from CDC Clinic of Chengdu

OBJECTIVE To explore to the effective measures of reducing rabies by the means of analyzing the epidemiological features,treatment for the bitten wound and rabies vaccine of the out-patient cases admitted from the clinic of Chengdu CDC.METHODS A retrospective epidemiological research methods in this study was used.3012 patients who received the bitten wound and inoculating rabies vaccine were collected from January to December in 2010 in Chengdu CDC.RESULTS Only 14 cases implemented fundamental immunity for rabies and the rest of 2998 cases were bitten by animals.The patients who were 20-50 years old constituted majority of cases bitten and injured by animals,with 1378 cases,and accounted for 46 percent.Time distribution showed that 1376 cases(46%) were admitted to out-patient department in May to August.2569 patients mainly came from Chengdu,and accounted for 85.01%.The exposed 2330(78%) cases which were sent to Out-Patient Department within 24 hours;Dogs bitten occupied 80.99%;Limbs were mainly injury and the level of exposure were mainly degree Ⅲ.CONCLUSION The most important means of prevention rabies are to adopt standard treatment after rabies exposure,improve immune compliance,and strengthen fundamental immunity and the health education for rabies.