乌东德水电站表孔体型优化研究

乌东德水电站坝址处河谷狭窄，覆盖层深厚，施工详图设计阶段拱坝厚高比增加，表、中孔相对位置发生变化，存在表孔自由溢流水体击打中孔弧门、表中孔水舌碰撞后形成的横向溅水冲击透水边坡及水垫塘底板冲刷较深等问题。通过1〖DK(〗∶〖DK)〗50水工整体模型试验及方案比选，对表孔出口位置、型式进行了优化研究，使表孔水舌横向扩散，纵向分层明晰，表中孔碰撞消能后水垫塘底板冲刷轻微，边坡横向溅水强度基本与自然降水相当。研究成果可为工程设计及安全运行提供技术支撑。

Research on shape optimization of surface outlets of Wudongde Hydropower Station

For the dam site of Wudongde Hydropower Station, the valley is narrow and the covering layer is deep. During the design stage of the detailed construction, the arch dam thickness was increased, and the relative position of the surface and middle hole changed. Therefore, there are some problems, for example, the overflow water from surface outlet hits the middle outlet arc gate, the flow from surface, middle and bottom outlets collides with each other, which cause lateral splash water and then strikes the permeable slope, and strong erosion happens on the water cushion pond. Through the 1:50 hydraulic integral model test, the surface outlet position and the type were optimized. After the shape optimization, the flow from surface outlet diffused laterally with clear longitudinal stratification, thus the erosion became slight after energy dissipation, and the lateral splash water intensity on the slope was basically as strong as natural precipitation. The test results can provide technical support for engineering design and safe operation.