电力系统广义同步稳定性的物理机理与研究途径

进入二十一世纪后，世界范围内对全球变暖的担忧迫使能源向低碳化和无碳化方向转型，可再生能源的开发利用发展迅猛，使得电网电源日益朝着非同步机化方向发展，导致电网电源之间的同步稳定性呈现出新的形态—— 广义同步稳定性。广义同步稳定性包含了同步机电源之间的同步稳定性、同步机电源与非同步机电源之间的同步稳定性以及非同步机电源之间的同步稳定性。为此，探讨广义同步稳定性意义上的失步机理及其研究途径。首先介绍了非同步机电源保持广义同步稳定性的基本手段。然后分析了广义同步稳定性意义上的3种失步类型，包括锁相环的锁相失败失步和功率同步环失步、非同步机电源由控制系统时延引起的失步以及同步机之间的功角失步。最后讨论了广义同步稳定性的分析方法，包括单独考虑一种失步类型时的分析方法和综合考虑所有失步类型时的分析方法；提出了从小系统到大系统步步推进的失步机理分析技术路线，指出了机电暂态模型不适用于分析广义同步稳定性的原因，阐明了基于全电磁暂态仿真分析电力系统广义同步稳定性是未来发展的趋势。

Physical mechanism and research approach of generalized synchronous stability for power systems

After entering the 21st century, the global warming concerns force the energy industry to trans-form towards the low-carbon and non-carbon direction. The development and utilization of renewable energy is developing rapidly, which makes non-synchronous generator sources replace synchronous generators increasingly in the power grid, resulting in a new form of synchronous stability among the power sources of grid-generalized synchronous stability. The generalized synchronization stability contains the synchronization stability between synchronous generator sources, the synchronization stability between synchronous generator source and non-synchronous generator source, and the synchronization stability between non-synchronous generator sources. So the out-of-step mechanism of generalized synchronous stability and its research approach are discussed. Firstly, the basic means of non-synchronous generator sources to keep generalized synchronous stability is introduced. Then, three types of out-of-step in the sense of generalized synchronous stability are analyzed, including the phase-locked failure out-of-step of the phase locked loop(or the power synchronization loop),the out-of-step of the non-synchronous generator sources caused by time delay of its control system, and the power angle out-of-step of the synchronous generators. At last, the analysis methods of generalized synchronous stability are discussed, including the analysis method when considering one type of out-of-step separately and the analysis method when considering all types of out-of-step together. The technical route to analyze the out-of-step mechanism is put forward, which firstly analyzes the simple system and then extends the results to the complex system. It is pointed out that the electromechanical transient model is not suitable for the analysis of the generalized synchronous stability and the future trend is adopting the full electromagnetic transient simulation to analyze the generalized synchronous stability.