原位XRD方法研究HNS/Dioxane溶剂化物去溶剂化过程中的微观结构与性能

炸药与溶剂形成的溶剂化物晶体结构极不稳定,在特定条件下易失去溶剂分子重新形成炸药晶体。为考察六硝基茋(HNS)与1,4-二氧六环(Dioxane)的溶剂化物在快速去溶剂化过程中的结构和性能变化,采用X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)原位热解的去溶剂化方式使其分解,并对其微观结构变化与宏观性能进行初步研究。结果表明:采用原位XRD的方式可实现HNS/Dioxane溶剂化物的去溶剂化分解,得到具有超细多孔的HNS团簇结构。与原料HNS相比,去溶剂化HNS的比表面积显著增大,由1.6 m~2·g~(-1)增为3.7 m~2·g~(-1),特性落高H_(50)由109.3 cm降为29.9 cm,静电火花感度的起爆所需能量E_(50)值由原料HNS的0.896 J降为0.413J,摩擦感度由原料HNS的36%降为12%,表明溶剂化物快速去溶剂的方式不仅可以得到具有微纳米多孔的HNS,还可以有效地提高其对不同刺激的响应程度。

Microstructure and Performance in the Desolvation Process of HNS/Dioxane Solvate by In-situ XRD Method

The crystal structure of the solvate formed by explosive and solvent is very unstable, and it is easy to transfer to explosive crystal with the removal of the solvent molecules under certain conditions. To investigate the changes of microstructure and properties of hexanitrostilbene(HNS)/1,4-dioxane(Dioxane) solvate in the process of rapid desolvation, the desolvation way of in-situ pyrolysis to sovent by in-situ X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) made the solvate decompose and a preliminary study of the micro-structure change and macro performance were performed. Results show that the desolvation of HNS/Dioxane solvate can be realized by in-situ XRD technique and the obtained HNS has microcrystal cluster and fine porous structure. Compared with conventional HNS, the surface area of desolvated HNS significantly increases from 1.6 m²·g^-1(raw HNS) to 3.7 m²·g^-1. The value of characteristic drop height H₅₀ of impact sensitivity decreases from 109.3 cm for raw HNS to 28.9 cm for desolvated HNS, and the value of energy required for initiation E₅₀ of electrostatic spark sensitivity decreases from 0.896 J for raw HNS to 0.413 J for desolvated HNS. The value of explosion probability point P of friction sensitivity decreases from 36% for raw HNS to 12% for desolvated HNS, revealing that the fast desolvation method of explosive of the solvate not only can obtain micro/nano porous HNS but also can effectively improve the response to different stimuli.