安徽省7～18岁学生体成分人体测量指标的年龄性别特征和城乡差异

目的]了解安徽省城乡男女学生体成分指标的年龄、性别变化特征。方法]利用2005年中国学生体质与健康调研安徽省7～18岁7 200名城乡中、小学生的腹部、上臂、肩胛下角3处皮脂厚度的测量数据,根据长岭晋吉公式估测体密度、Brozek公式估算体成分,得到城乡男女学生瘦体重和体脂百分含量指标。结果]3处皮脂厚度、体脂百分含量和瘦体重均随年龄而增加。男生3处皮脂厚度随年龄增加缓慢,10岁时达到最大值,而女生3处皮脂厚度随年龄增加显著;3处皮脂厚度、体脂百分含量、瘦体重的城乡学生中存在差异,城市学生高于乡村学生。瘦体重男生处于优势,而女生体脂百分含量在整个青春期都增加显著。结论]调查结果符合儿童期及青春期男孩和女孩的生长发育特征,男生主要以瘦体重增长为主,女生主要以体脂增长为主。3处皮脂厚度、瘦体重、体脂百分含量的城市学生都高于乡村学生,说明安徽省城市学生的营养水平可能略高于乡村学生。

DISTRIBUTION OF BODY COMPOSITION INDEXES OF STUDENTS AGED FROM 7 TO 18 IN ANHUI PROVINCE BY AGE AND GENDER AND THE URBAN-RURAL DIFFERENCE

Objective]To observe the distribution of body composition indexes of urban and rural students in Anhui Province by age and gender.Methods]By cluster sampling,a total of 7 200 primary and middle school students aged from 7~18 were recruited in the national survey on Chinese students' physical fitness and health in 2005 in Anhui Province.Triceps,subscapular and abdominal skinfold thickness(SF)were measured according to standard procedures,the obtained data were used to estimate the bulk density according to Nagamine and Suzuki equation,estimate the body composition according to Brozek formula,and finally calculate the lean body mass(LBM)and body fat percentage(BF%).Results]SF in three positions,Lean body mass,body fat percentage all increased with age.SF of boys increased with age slowly,and reached a maximum at the age of 10,while SF of girls increased with age markedly.SF,body fat percentage and lean body mass for urban students were significantly higher than those for rural students.Adolescent boys had higher lean body mass than girls,but body fat percentage for girls increased markedly in the whole adolescence.Conclusions]The findings are consistent with the growth characteristics of adolescent boys and girls,the growth advantages for adolescent boys and girls are lean body mass and body fat respectively.SF,lean body mass,body fat percentage of urban students are all higher than rural students,which shows that the nutritional level of urban students may be higher than that of rural students in Anhui Province.