城市生态游憩空间休闲价值对比分析——以常熟市为例

生态游憩空间建设是城市建设的重要内容,提升休闲价值是城市生态游憩空间建设的重要任务。在常熟市具有突出城市生态游憩服务功能的林地、草地、水域区选择可比性观测廊道,在对游客自发性休闲游憩行为进行动态观测的基础上对各生态游憩空间的休闲价值进行动态对比。结果表明：① 全年水域的休闲价值最显著,其次依次是草地、林地。② 全年各生态游憩空间休闲价值的时间分布不均衡,且有一定互补性。③ 林地对于老年人的休闲价值最突出,而中年人更偏好水域休闲,青年及少儿更偏好草地休闲。④ 在城市生态游憩空间建设中可根据各年龄段人群分布确定生态游憩空间配置方案;根据各生态游憩空间休闲价值差异及其时间变化配置相应休憩设施,并对生态游憩空间实施动态管理;根据影响因素提升各生态游憩空间休闲价值等。

Comparative analysis on the leisure values of urban ecological recreation spaces: A case study of Changshu city

The planning and construction of ecological recreation spaces are important contents of urban planning and construction, and the enhancement of leisure value is an important task in the construction of urban ecological recreation spaces. By selecting comparable observation corridors in the woodland, grassland, water area with highlighted urban ecological recreation service function in Changshu city, and dynamically observing recreationists' spontaneous recreation behaviors, this study set up the method for evaluating the leisure value of urban ecological recreation space, and the evaluation indexes included leisure tendency to certain eco-space, leisure viscidity, and the adaptability of certain eco-space to recreationists. Using these evaluation indexes, the dynamic comparative analysis of the leisure values of woodland, grassland and water area was carried out. The results showed that: (1) Among the three types of ecological recreation spaces with similar acreages, water area had the highest leisure value in the whole year, followed by grassland and woodland. Woodland had the most advantages in forming better recreational environment when the external macro-conditions were not good for recreation in daylight, followed by water area and grassland. (2) In the whole year, the leisure value distributions of different ecological recreation spaces were different and mutually complementary each other. The factors like visual field, light, activity space and others weakened the leisure value of woodland in the early morning and at nightfall, but grassland and water area had certain comparative advantages in terms of these factors, and formed complementation with woodland. (3) The leisure value of woodland to the elder was most remarkable, while middle-aged people preferred water-area leisure, and the youth and children preferred grassland leisure. What's more, different aged people tended to conduct their most ecological leisure activities in their respective favorite time, which influenced the temporal distribution of the leisure value of each ecological recreation space. (4) In the construction of urban ecological recreation spaces, the mutual complementarity of different ecological recreation spaces in the aspects of recreation servicing time and serving objects should be attached more attention; the configuration scheme of different ecological recreation spaces should be made according to the areal distribution of different aged people in city; the leisure facilities should be scientifically allocated according to the differences in the leisure value of each ecological recreation space; the dynamic management measures should be implemented according to the variation of the leisure value of eco-space; and the leisure value of certain ecological recreation space should be enhanced according to the relevant influencing factors, and so on.