基于下投式探空仪资料的超强台风蔷薇(2008)动力和热力结构特征分析

本文主要利用全球定位下投式探空仪(dropsonde)资料和卫星云图资料,对2008年第15号超强台风蔷薇(Jangmi)边界层的热力和动力结构进行了分析,并且对其生命史中两个不同的时期的热力和动力结构特征进行了对比.结果表明:在内核区域中,距离眼越近,切向风越大,动力和热力边界层高度越低.边界层内,温度垂直递减率相比边界层以上更大;很多探空仪廓线中出现假相当位温(θse)垂直递减率与一般规律相反(即θse/z>0)的现象,并且能和径向风从流入转为流出以及Vr/z>0的高度很好的对应.对比生命史的不同时期,发现从台风发展的初始阶段到成熟阶段,在同一高度上切向风和径向风均有明显增大的趋势,径向流入层的厚度增大;台风内核区域的温度、比湿以及假相当位温都有增大的趋势,说明台风在发展增强的过程中从海表面获取了巨大的能量.

Analysis of dynamic and thermodynamic structural characteristics of the super typhoon Jangmi (2008) using dropsonde data

The dynamic and thermodynamic structure in the boundary layer of the No.15 super typhoon Jangmi (2008) are analyzed by using the data of the global positioning system (GPS) dropsonde and the satellite. The dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics are compared in two different periods in the life cycle of Jangmi (2008). The results show that the tangential wind speed was large and the height of the dynamic and thermal boundary layer was low when the position was close to the eye in the inner core region. The lapse rate of temperature in the boundary layer was larger than that above the boundary layer and that of equivalent potential temperature (θ_se) was larger than 0 in many profiles which corresponded to the height of radial wind transform from inflow to outflow or the lapse rate of radial wind (V_r) was larger than 0. Comparing different periods in the life cycle of the typhoon Jangmi (2008), it is found that the tangential and radial wind speed at the same height increased significantly and the depth of inflow layer was thick in the mature stage of the storm. Furthermore, the temperature, specific humidity, and equivalent potential temperature all increased in the inner core region of the typhoon during this stage. It indicates that the storm gained tremendous energy from the sea surface during the development of the life cycle.