超疏水-防覆冰技术在公路路面中的研究应用进展

超疏水材料作为一种新型智能仿生材料,因优良的疏水、疏冰性能,在电力、航天等领域防冰除冰中得到了广泛应用,但在公路交通领域尚处于探索起步阶段。介绍了近年来国内外路面除冰技术存在的不足,分析了超疏水主动除冰技术在路面应用中的优势;概述了超疏水材料浸润性的基本理论;从促进液滴滚落、影响水滴结晶进程、降低冰附着力等方面,论证了超疏水材料在路面除冰应用中的可行性;从改变材料化学组成与粗糙度两个方面,分析了影响"冰-路"附着力的主要因素;在此基础上,介绍了超疏水材料制备与超疏水公路路面处治技术,综述了国内外冰与路面材料之间附着力的几种检测方法,主要包括:落杆撞击试验、水平剪切试验、重力式砝码剪切试验。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,本研究自行设计了摆锤试验以及劈裂试验,进一步验证了超疏水-防覆冰技术能有效降低"冰-路"附着力;并归纳了目前公路路面超疏水-防覆冰技术存在的问题,提出了未来研究发展的方向。

Research and Application of Superhydrophobic and Anti-icing Technology in Highway Pavement

As a new type of intelligent bionic materials, the superhydrophobic materials have been widely used in the field of power, aerospace and other fields, due to its excellent hydrophobic and hydrophobic properties. However, in the field of transportation, it is still in the initial stage of exploration. In this paper, the problems of anti-icing technology in highway pavement application at home and abroad are introduced, and the advantages of superhydrophobic anti-icing technology in pavement are analyzed. The basic theory of the wetting property is summarized. The feasibility of using superhydrophobic materials in pavement is demonstrated according to droplet water promotion, crystallization process, ice adhesion reduction. The main factors that influence the ice-road adhesion are analyzed according to the change of chemical composition and roughness of materials. On this basis, the preparation of superhydrophobic materials and the treatment technology of pavement are introduced. This paper summarizes several methods to detect the adhesion between ice and pavement materials at home and abroad, mainly including impact test, horizontal shear test, weight shear test. According to previous studies, the pendulum test and split test are designed. Further validation of the superhydrophobic and anti-icing technology can effectively reduce the adhesion of ice-road. The existing problems of superhydrophobic and anti-icing technology in highway pavement are summarized, and the future research direction is proposed.