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Biophysical foundations underlying TMS: Setting the stage for an effective use of neurostimulation in the cognitive neurosciences |
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| Authors: | Tim Wagner Jarrett Rushmore Antoni Valero-Cabre |
| Affiliation: | a Highland Instruments, Cambridge, MA, USA b Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA c Laboratory of Cerebral Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA d Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA e Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA f CNRS UMR 5105, LPNC, Grenoble, and TREAT Vision, Department of Neurology, Fondation Ophtalmologique Rothschild, Paris, France |
| Abstract: | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) induces electrical currents in the brain to stimulate neural tissue. This article reviews our present understanding of TMS methodology, focusing on its biophysical foundations. We concentrate on how the laws of electromagnetic induction apply to TMS; addressing issues such as the location, area (i.e., focality), depth, and mechanism of TMS. We also present a review of the present limitations and future potential of the technique. |
| Keywords: | TMS Brain stimulation Neuro-modulation |
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