山区剧动高速滑坡超前气浪的动力学机理

针对高速滑坡超前气浪灾害的动力学问题，建立了滑坡体沿坡面滑动的二维模型；采用动网格技术，数值仿真了高速滑坡超前冲击气浪的流场特征，分析了其形成的动力学机理。计算结果表明：随着滑坡体下滑速度增大，在滑坡体前缘上方和滑坡体后方出现的涡流逐渐加强，速度也逐渐变大；滑坡体下滑速度越大，在滑坡体正前方不同高度处的气浪速度越大，气浪所影响的距离越远，所造成的破坏也越大。在滑坡体正前方出现高压区，并且随着滑坡体下滑速度增大，滑坡体前方的压力变化也增大，压力的急剧增大也导致气浪速度变大。高速滑坡引发的，中击气浪在前方100m范围内产生12级以上的大风，破坏力极大。此研究将为超前气浪灾害的防治提供科学依据。

Dynamical Mechanics of Air Shock Wave Generated by High Speed Landslide in Mountainous Area

High speed landslide commonly caused the disaster of air shock wave. In this paper a two-dimensional landslide model sliding the slope is established to simulate numerically flow field characteristics of air shock wave generated by high speed landslide, and its dynamical mechanics is analyzed for the formation. The calculation results show that, with the speed of landslide in- creasing, the two vortex cavities above the leading edge and rear of landslide body strengthen gradually, and the flow speed also becomes larger. With the landslide body accelerated by its ap- plied force, the flow speed at different height becomes larger in front of the landslide body, the influence distance of air shock wave is further to cause more damage; and the pressure change in- creases in the high pressure in front of landslide body, the rapid increasing pressure also leads to the speed increasing of air shock wave. Air shock wave generated by high speed landslide could generate the gale exceeding 12 class in front of 100 m of landslide body to cause extreme damage. This study will provide a scientific basis for preventing the disaster of air shock wave.