钢中低熔点元素的危害及含锡钢的发展研究

在钢铁工业中,锡一直被作为钢中的有害杂质元素,它影响钢材质量,尤其是连铸坯质量,使钢铁材料产生热脆性、回火脆性,产生裂纹和断裂,影响钢的焊接性能,是钢铁"五害"之一。然而锡在易切削钢、电工钢、铸铁及不锈钢中都具有很重要的作用,近年来开发出的含锡低铬铁素体不锈钢,可大幅度提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能和加工性能。综述了锡的研究现状,包括产生热脆现象的机制,偏析模型的研究以及含锡不锈钢的发展前景。

Harmful Effect of Low-Melting Elements and Development Prospects of Tin-Containing Steel

In the steel industry, Sn is always regarded as a harmful impurity element, one of “five harmful elements”, which affects the welding property and equality of steel product especially the equality of continuously cast bloom and causes hot brittleness, temper brittleness, crack and fracture. While Sn element also has a vital influence on free-cutting steel, electrical sheet, cast iron and stainless steel. Nippon Steel developed ferritic stainless steel containing low Sn and Ni content improving the corrosion resistance performance and the workability significantly. The current status of tin both at home and abroad was summarized, including the mechanism of the hot brittleness, the segregation model and the prospect of tin-containing stainless steel.