辽宁省城乡小学生午餐现况调查

目的了解辽宁省城乡小学生午餐状况，为开展学生营养改善行动提供依据。方法数据来源于２０１１年“辽宁省学龄儿童营养监测”，共调查３～６年级小学生１６１６９人。调查使用自填问卷，收集了人口统计学、午餐行为及其它健康相关行为等信息，同时测量身高、体质量。结果城乡小学生午餐就餐地点差异显著（χ２＝３２０７．５，P＜０．０１），城市学生在“小饭桌”就餐（即家庭托餐）的比例最高（４０．６％），而农村学生在学校食堂就餐的比例最高（镇中心小学：６０．５％；农村小学：７８．８％）。城市学生午餐食物种类大于等于３种的比例为５７．３％，显著高于农村学生（镇中心小学：３７．７％；农村小学：３５．６％）（P＜０．０５）。然而在午餐食物种类丰富的学生中，农村学生下午第４节课之前出现饥饿的比例也显著高于城市学生（２８．９％和１７．７％，χ２＝１８３．３，P＜０．０１）。结论辽宁省城乡小学生午餐就餐情况差异较大，城市学生供餐模式需合理引导，农村学生午餐质量亟需改善。

Survey of lunch behaviors among primary school students in Liaoning Province

Objective To understand the lunch behaviors of primary school students in Liaoning Province,China,so as to provide the evidence for carrying out interviews to improve their nutrition. Methods The data of Liaoning Provincial School-age Children Nutrition Surveillance in 2011 were collected including 16 169 primary school students（Grade 3-6）who were investigated with self-administrated questionnaires,and the information included demographics,lunch behaviors,and other relevant health behaviors.The height and weight of the subjects were also measured. Results The percentages of pupils who had lunch in different places were significantly different between urban and rural regions（χ^2=3 207.5,P〈0.01）.The percentage of urban pupils who had lunch in small-scaled eatery run by a family was most（40.6%）and the percentage of rural pupils who had lunch in school was most（town：60.5%;village：78.8%）.The percentage of urban pupils who could eat more than 3types of foods in lunch was higher than that of rural pupils（urban：57.3%;town：37.7%;village：35.6%,P〈0.05）.Even among the pupils who could have more than 3types of foods in lunch,more rural pupils felt hungry before the 4th class in the afternoon than urban pupils（28.9%versus 17.7%,χ^2=183.3,P〈0.01）. Conclusions There is a significant difference of lunch behaviors between urban and rural pupils in Liaoning Province.The catering service pattern in the urban region should be guided rationally,while the quality of lunch for rural pupils is urged to be improved.