Clay minerals in the late Quaternary sediment of Tulare Lake,California: Implications for climate change,weathering, and erosion processes |
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| Authors: | Junhua Guo Christine Pyles William Krugh Rob Negrini |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India;1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an 710061, China;2. Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing 100875, China;3. Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA;4. Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, USA;5. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;1. Faculty of Geology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam;2. Faculty of Marine and Coastal Engineering, Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam;3. SedTrend Analysis Limited, 7236 Peden Lane, Brentwood Bay, BC, Canada V8M1C5;4. Faculty of Meteorology, Hydrology and Oceanography, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam;1. State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua Univ., Beijing, 100084, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China;3. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Center for Coastal Resource Management, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA;1. National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Research Center, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 66 Xuefu Road, Nan’an District, Chongqing 400074, China;2. Changjiang Chongqing Harbour and Waterway Engineering Investigation and Design Institute, Chongqing, China |
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| Abstract: | The clay mineralogy of Tulare Lake sediment was examined to investigate hydroclimatic and environmental changes in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains (SNM) since the most recent glacial maximum. Evolution of clay mineral assemblages elucidates significant changes in weathering, erosion, and hydroclimatic condition in the catchment. During the last glacial period (24.4–15.1 cal ka BP), low illite content implies less physical erosion of the granitic batholith rocks and a cold and arid environment in the southern SNM. Abrupt increases of illite content at 21.8–20.8 and 17.6 cal ka BP resulted from the glacier advances to the ablation zone and illite-rich glacier flour was transported down to the lake. The gradual increase of smectite induced by progressive depletion of illite-rich glacier flour from 17.6 cal ka BP toward the end of this period indicates climate was beginning to get warm and wet. From 11.9 to 5.3 cal ka BP, two warm and wet periods (10.7–9.4 and 8.2–5.2 cal ka BP) were characterized by high smectite/illite content ratios and low illite crystallinity values, suggesting intensive rainfall precipitation and more physical erosion in the highland and lowland catchment as well as more smectite formation in the terrace soils. Since the last glacial period, physical erosion, in comparison to the chemical weathering, was the dominant process responding to the hydroclimatic change in the Tulare Lake catchment. Moderate to weak chemical weathering was signified by the mostly low illite chemical weathering index of the core sediments. Such results suggest that vegetation cover in the southern SNM was low and limited. |
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| Keywords: | Clay mineralogy Sierra Nevada Mountains Glaciers Weathering Tulare Lake |
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