采煤塌陷积水耕地信息提取方法研究——以山东省济宁市为例

济宁市煤炭开采导致耕地塌陷深度大、积水严重，在全国都具有典型性和代表性。采用高分辨率遥感影像（RS）获取信息和地理信息系统（GIS）空间分析相结合的方法，在土地利用现状图、矿井分布图、行政区划图和采煤塌陷地调查统计资料等相关数据的支持下，以人机交互式解译方式对济宁市煤炭开采以来至2009年采煤塌陷导致的积水耕地信息进行了提取。得出：济宁市采煤塌陷导致耕地常年积水面积为4 780.49 hm2，占济宁市耕地总面积的0.78%，治理后和未治理塌陷积水耕地分别占积水面积的57.84%和42.16%；塌陷积水耕地主要分布于济宁市中部的“金三角”地带（曲阜市、兖州市、邹城市结合处）、任城区南部和微山县中部地区，且呈不规则分布状态，多是一矿一片或一矿多片。研究结果表明，将高分辨率遥感图像应用于塌陷积水耕地信息的提取是一种快速高效的方法，为地方政府加强塌陷积水耕地的实时准确监测提供了科学依据。

Information Extraction of Coal Mining Subsidence Farmland Submerged in Water Taking Jining City of Shandong Province as a Case

It is a typical and representative in the country that coal mining has been causing farmland subsided deeply and submerged in water seriously in Jining City.Using the combined methods of high-resolution remote sensing (RS) to obtain information and geographical information system (GIS) to analyze spatially，under the support of land use map，mine distribution map，administrative zoning map，coal mining subsidence land survey and statistic data，the information of coal mining subsidence farmland submerged in water in Jining City since coal mining to the year of 2009 were extracted with the man-computer interactive interpreting method.The results showed that: the perennial water farmland area of cola mining subsidence land was 4 780.49 hm2，accounted for 0.78% of the total area of cultivated land in Jining City，the governance and non-governance subsided farmland submerged in water accounted for 57.84% and 42.16% of the perennial water farmland area，respectively.The subsidence farmland submerged in water mainly distributed in the “Golden Triangle” junction of Qufu City，Yanzhou City and Zoucheng City，the southern Rencheng Distinct and the central region of Weishan County; And its distribution was irregular，a mine with a subsided farmland submerged in water or a mine with two or more subsided farmlands submerged in water.The findings provided a scientific basis for the local government to strengthen the real-time monitoring of the subsided farmlands submerged in water and formulated scientifically the reclamation scheme of the subsidence farmland submerged in water.