颈动脉粥样硬化相关因素分析及超声评价的意义

目的:调查中老年人颈动脉粥样硬化患病率,探讨颈动脉硬化与心血管危险因素的关系。方法:228例年龄55~87岁的中老年人行双侧颈动脉超声检查,测量颈动脉内-中膜厚度(carotid intimamedia thickness,CIMT)及动脉硬化斑块的大小及数量,观察斑块性质。调查该组人群心脑血管疾病及其危险因素,并比较与颈动脉病变的关系。结果:本组颈动脉粥样硬化患病率为64.9%。单因素分析显示颈动脉IMT及/或斑块积分增加的影响因素有年龄、高血压(主要为收缩期血压增高)、糖尿病及吸烟等;多元回归分析进一步表明颈动脉硬化与年龄、高血压及糖尿病显著相关。结论:颈动脉超声检测CIMT及斑块是一种安全简便有效的方法,结合相关危险因素综合评价,对心血管疾病防治有重要临床意义。

Associated factors of carotid atherosclerosis and the value of ultrasonography detection

Objective：To investigate the prevalence rate of carotid atherosderosis in middle age and elder people and to determine the association between carotid atherosclerosis and cardio-vascular risk factors. Method： A total of 228 subjects aged 55-87 years old were examined with carotid artery ultrasound. Common carotid intima-media thickness （CIMT） and carotid plaque were measured, and the characters of plaque were examined. Cardio-vascular diseases （CVD）and their risk factors were investigated. Result： The prevalence rate of carotid atherosclerosis was 64.9% in our group. In univariable analysis, there were association between increased CIMT or carotid plaque scores and CVD risk factors such as age, hypertension especially systolic blood pressor and diabetes mellitus. Multiple regression analysis showed, furthermore, that the age, hypertension and cardiovascular disease were related to carotid atherosclerosis independently. Conclusion： Ultrasound detection of carotid IMT and plaque is a simple, safe and effective tool. Combined with the evaluation of risk factors.