空气除氚系统中氚氧化催化剂的研究进展

在大型氚设施中空气除氚系统必不可少，通过气-水转换除去气态氚是目前应用最广泛也是最有效的工艺，过程中氧化催化剂至关重要。总结了气态氚的催化氧化研究进展、催化剂的催化性能及影响催化性能的主要因素。贵金属Pt和Pd在室温下对氚的转化效率接近100%，因而被广泛用于氚的催化氧化。通过负载分散载体、添加催化助剂、使用规整结构催化剂、设计新型的催化反应器能够进一步提高催化剂性能。以蜂窝状催化剂为研究热点的规整结构催化剂以其高比表面积和低压力降而显示出良好的催化性能，将它用于氚的催化氧化，是该领域的一个研究方向。氢、氘、氚在氧化过程中的同位素效应会影响除氚效率，需进行深入研究。

Development of Tritium Oxidative Catalyst in Atmosphere Detritiation System

Atmosphere detritiation systems with a catalytic reactor and tritiated water absorber are indispensable in tritium facilities to control the tritium release into the environment. Tritium oxidation catalyst with high performance has been strongly required in a tritium leak accident or low concentration tritium oxidation. The performances of catalysts in tritium oxidation and the effects of various factors on the catalytic performance are reviewed. Noble metals Pt and Pd are widely used as catalysts in tritium catalytic oxidation for their high efficiencies and low catalytic temperature. The tritium fractional conversion of Pt and Pd is close to 100% at room temperature, compared with 500℃ of cupric oxide. In recent years, more efficient catalysts with stable performance are required by the development of nuclear industry. Many techniques, such as depositing dispersive carrier, adding accessory ingredient and reprocessing the catalyst, can be used to improve the performance of catalysts. Structured catalysts, regarded as the combination of catalysts and reactors, are good candidates for tritium oxidation. Honeycomb catalyst, as a kind of structured catalysts, shows excellent catalytic performance for its high specific surface area and low pressure drop. The isotope effect in the process of protium, deuterium and tritium oxidation affects the detritiation efficiency, so the isotope effect should be intensively studied.