地震属性在古地貌分析中的应用

随着地球物理技术和方法的飞速发展,地震沉积学应运而生。它将地震地层学、高精度层序地层学和新兴的应用沉积学科融合在一起,应用高分辨率的地震资料分析沉积岩及其形成环境。地震古地貌分析作为地震沉积学研究的核心内容,已经成为一个新兴的研究方向,其关键是研究沉积体的平面展布。大量研究也证实了三维地震资料能够对沉积体成像,每个沉积要素（或单元）各自有其独特的形态和地震表现特征。利用地震资料的横向高分辨率,提取能够反应沉积体岩性、物性的变化的地震属性切片,有助于恢复古地貌。本文简要介绍了吸收衰减类、振幅（能量）类、速度（波阻抗）类,相干类四种地震属性的物理意义、地质意义及其应用。

APPLICATION OF SEISMIC ATTRIBUTE IN PALEOGEOMORPHY ANALYSIS

With the development of geophysical technology and method,seismic sedimentary which involving seismic stratigraphy,high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology uses high-resolution seismic data to analysis the sediments and its environment has became a new marginal discipline.A large number of studies have confirmed that the three-dimensional seismic data can provide image pairs to sedimentary body,and each deposited elements（or units） have their own unique configuration and performance characteristics of the seismic.With horizontal high-resolution seismic data and seismic attributes reflecting lithology,physical property changes in sections,can help to restore the ancient landscape.This paper briefly describes four types of seismic attributes,which contains the absorption（decay） classes,amplitude（energy） type,speed（wave impedance） categories,coherent categories and the physical meaning and geological significance of its application.