煤自燃过程特性及防治技术研究进展

煤炭是我国的主体能源,但煤炭开采面临着有煤自燃灾害的严重威胁。煤自燃不仅烧毁大量煤炭资源,还易引发瓦斯燃烧、爆炸等重特大事故,造成巨大的经济损失和重大的人员伤亡。为了进一步提高煤矿企业对煤自燃灾害的防控能力,推动我国煤炭资源的安全高效开采,分析了煤自燃理论的研究现状,总结了煤自燃监测预警的主要方法和技术,对比分析了煤矿常规的防灭火技术,介绍了煤自燃防治技术的最新发展及应用效果,并提出了煤自燃过程特性及防治技术的未来研究方向。较详细地阐述了煤自燃过程及特性理论基础,主要包括煤自燃的低温氧化过程机制、煤自燃分段过程特性及特殊条件下的煤自燃特性;较全面地总结了包括标志性气体方法、测温法等多种煤自燃监测预警技术的原理以及各类技术的优缺点。在上述煤自燃理论和监测预警基础上,针对常规注浆、注惰气等技术对煤自燃防控效果有限、难以满足矿井安全高效开采的问题,研发了三相阻化泡沫、凝胶泡沫、无机固化泡沫、稠化砂浆等防灭火技术,同时介绍了液氮(液态二氧化碳)快速灭火降温技术。此外,为了满足煤矿智能化、精准化开采对矿井煤自燃防治的新要求,在矿井火灾监测指标信息化与预警智能化、火源辨识与防治技术控制精准化、防灭火材料绿色化等方面提出了下一步的研究展望。

Research progress of coal spontaneous combustion process characteristics and prevention technology

Coal is the main source of energy in China,but coal mining faces a serious threat from spontaneous combustion disasters.Spon?taneous combustion of coal not only burns a large amount of coal resources,but also easily causes serious accidents such as gas burning and explosion,causing huge economic losses and heavy casualties.In order to further improve the ability of coal mine enterprises to pre?vent and control spontaneous combustion disasters of coal and promote the safe and efficient mining of coal resources in China,the re?search status of coal spontaneous combustion theory was analyzed,and the main methods and technologies of coal spontaneous combustion monitoring and early warning were summarized,while the conventional fire prevention technologies of coal mines were compared and ana?lyzed.Moreover,the latest development of fire prevention technology used for spontaneous combustion of coal was introduced and the appli?cation effects were exhibited.In addition,the future research direction in the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal and prevention technology were also proposed.This paper described the theoretical basis of spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal in detail,main?ly including the low-temperature oxidation process of coal spontaneous combustion,the segmented process characteristics of spontaneous combustion of coal,and the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal under special conditions.At the same time,the principles of monitoring and early warning technologies including the marker gas method and temperature measurement method,used for spontaneous combustion of coal were summarized,and their advantages and disadvantages of various technologies were also compared.Based on the a?bove spontaneous combustion theory,monitoring and early warning,in view of the limited effects of conventional grouting and inert gas in?jection on prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustionand difficulty in meeting the problems of safe and efficient mining in mines,three-phase hindered foam technology and gel foam technology,inorganic solidified foam technology,thickened mortar and other anti-extinguishing technologies were developed.At the same time,it was proposed to use the liquid nitrogen(liquid carbon dioxide)to quickly extinguish and cool the high temperature fire area of coal spontaneous combustion.In addition,in order to meet the new require?ments of mine fire prevention and control for intelligent and precise mining of coal mines,it was proposed in the aspects of mine fire moni?toring index information and early warning intelligence,fire source identification and prevention technology control precision,and green fire prevention materials greening.