上海铁路局1954～1985年职工工伤流行病学调查

1954～1985年上海铁路局职工伤亡2424例,其中重伤1652例,死亡77Z例。发生率78.5/10~5,死亡率25.0/10~5,年龄20岁左右发生率最高。事故类别以车辆伤害首位(41.97％),其次高处坠落(17.48％)。流行病学特点有三:(1)工伤集中于少数与行车关系密切的单位和工种:(2)死亡和重伤比例高(1∶2.14);(3)线路长,运送工具落后目前后送时间中位数44.4分钟。当前迫切需要解决:(1)从速改善运送和抢救措施;(2)建立完善事故调查登记和管理制度,要求设计统一个案调查表,(3)加强对重点单位、重点工种,尤其青工的管理和教育。

An Epidemiological Study On Work-Related Injuries in Railway Workers

An analysis of 772 fatal and 1652 non-fatal serious cases registered in Shanghai Railway Safety Administration from 1954 to 1985 showed that average incidence rate was 78.5/10~5, mortality rate, 25.0/10~5, frequencies decreasing, in general, with time and being highest in workers around 20 age groups. Monthly fluctuation was nonap-parent.Leading cause was being run over or hit by moving trains(41.8%) and the next, falling down from heights(17.4%). Characteristics of workrelated injuries in railway workers were: (1) aggregation of cases in sevaral special units and specified types of work;(2)disproportion of death rate to incidence rate1: 2.14); (3) longer distance in average needed to bring the injured to the nearest hospitals. The time median was 44.4 minutes.Authors emphasized 3 urgent measures: (1) reducing the interval from injury to definite care and improving the quality of trauma care;(2) constructing a truly useful injury surveillance system including proper collection, recording, registry, coding and analysis;(3)more efforts to be made to conduct safety education in workers of special units, especially in young workers and excrcise a capable management of them.