艰难梭菌分子分型技术研究进展

艰难梭菌是一种革兰阳性的专性厌氧产芽孢杆菌。核糖体027型高毒力株在发达国家的多次暴发使得艰难梭菌越来越引起重视，近年来艰难梭菌感染的发生频率已在全世界范围内呈显著上升趋势。目前该菌的分子流行病学研究进展较快，常用的分子分型方法包括限制性酶切分型、PCR核糖体分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳、多位点序列分析、重复序列PCR分型、多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析、毒素分型和全基因组测序分析等。同时，仍有不断改进的新型分子分型方法应用于此，以期更准确、快速和有效地对艰难梭菌感染暴发进行识别与调查，为艰难梭菌的感染防控提供可靠的分子流行病学数据。

Progress in research of molecular typing of Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobicbacteria. Since the outbreak of hypervirulent strain, ribotype 027, occurred in many developed countries, more and more attention has been paid to C. difficile. The incidence of C. difficile infection showed a significant increase worldwide, causing heavy burden for the healthcare facilities of developed countries. Molecular typing is important and essential in the study of C. difficile, which includes restriction endonuclease analysis typing (REA typing), PCR ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multiple locus sequence typing (MLST), repetitive-element PCR typing (rep-PCR), multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing (WGS), and there are some other improved assays used in this field. These assays can facilitate the rapid identification and survey of C. difficile infection outbreak and provide reliable epidemiological evidence for the prevention and control of C. difficile infection.