矿山地质灾害研究的几点基本认识

露天矿滑坡,地下平巷围岩失稳和地面塌陷是矿山三大主要地质灾害或岩土工程问题。据优势面的分析观点,它们是受优势断裂或优势面控制的。采用专家判断,机制分析和定量模型相结合进行研究是行之有效的研究方法。本文还对优势面的几个基本原理也作了介绍。即:1.按系统研究的观点进行系统性分析;2.内外动力相结合进行分析;3.灾害形成和演化的双重机制观点;4.危害度与决策分析;5.优势面减灾防灾观点。

SOME KNOWLEDGES OF GEOLOGIC HAZARDS OF MINES

The landslides of opencast mines, the surrounding rock instability of underground opening and surface collapse are the three main geologic hazardr or geotechnique problems of mines. From the view point of preferred plane analysis they are controlled by preferred faults or planes, and the effective research methodologies are the combination of expert judgement, mechanism analysis and quantitative model. The fundamental theorem of preferred plane for the hazards evaluation which are now recongnized as imposing a primary control of the origin, evalution assessment and prevention of the three hazards are also introduced in this paper. They are:(1 )System [analysis;(2 )Analysis by the combination of inner and outer forces; (3)The view point of two mechanisms; (4)Analysis of extent of harm and decision; (5)The view point of preferred plane for hazards reaction and prevention.