镉和铅暴露与交通警察心血管疾病风险分数的关联性

目的 探讨交通警察镉和铅暴露与心血管疾病（cardiovascular diseases, CVDs）风险分数的关联性。方法 采用横断面研究设计，在161名交通警察中（51名内勤人员，110名外勤人员）分析血和尿液中镉和铅浓度对CVDs风险分数的影响。对所有研究对象进行职业健康检查。血和尿液中金属浓度分别采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪检测。采用广义线性模型分析镉和铅暴露与CVDs风险分数的关联性。结果 外勤组尿镉和铅浓度均高于内勤组（P = 0.012和P = 0.001）。外勤组和内勤组血镉浓度分别为1.80 μg/L和1.05 μg/L，差异有临界统计学意义（P = 0.094）。血镉、血铅及尿镉浓度分别增加一个四分位数间距，FRS分数分别增加1.78、1.14和1.74（P均 = 0.001），ICVD分数分别增加0.63、0.48和0.68（P = 0.036、P = 0.017和P = 0.021），相对危险分数分别增加0.66、0.25和0.31（P＜0.001、P = 0.009和P = 0.022）。结论 血镉、尿镉和血铅浓度与CVDs风险升高有关，提示重金属对交通警察心血管系统的危害性应引起重视。

Associations of cadmium and lead exposure with cardiovascular disease risk scores in traffic policemen

Objective To investigate the associations between cadmium and lead exposure and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk scores in traffic policemen. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to assess the effects of cadmium and lead in blood and urine on CVDs risk in 161 traffic policemen(51 of them worked in the office and 110 of them worked on the roads). All subjects accepted occupational health examination. The concentrations of cadmium and lead in blood and urine were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Association analysis was performed by general linear models. Results The concentrations of cadmium in the urine and blood and urinary lead were significantly or marginally significantly higher in the traffic policemen who worked on the road than in those who worked in the offices(P=0.012, P=0.001 and P=0.094). One interquartile range increase in blood cadmium, blood lead, and urinary cadmium was associated with 1.78, 1.14 and 1.74 increase in Framingham risk score, respectively (all P=0.001), 0.63, 0.48 and 0.68 increase in ischemic cardiovascular diseases score, respectively (P=0.036, P=0.017 and P=0.021), and 0.66, 0.25, and 0.31 increase in relative risk score, respectively(P<0.001, P=0.009 and P=0.022). Conclusion Cadmium in blood and urine and lead in blood were associated with increased CVD risks, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the effects of heavy metals on the cardiovascular system.