胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移数和区域与术后放疗价值的临床研究

目的 对胸段食管鳞癌根治术患者的淋巴结转移数和区域与术后放疗的疗效进行分析,评价术后放疗价值.方法 选择2007年前14年内我院胸段食管癌根治术后病理诊断鳞癌、淋巴结转移阳性及无远处血道转移的N_1期患者945例,其中单纯手术590例,术后放疗355例.术后3～4周开始2 Gy/次放疗,中位剂量50 Gy分25次5周完成.结果 随访率为94.5%,随访满5年者189例.5年生存率单纯手术组和术后放疗组分别为29.6%和38.0%(X~2=10.44,P=0.001).分层分析术后放疗较单纯手术可提高淋巴结转移数3～5个、>5个和仅有锁骨上区及上纵隔区淋巴结转移的5年生存率(30.5%:23.1%,χ~2=4.11,P=0.043;16.7%:8.9%,χ~2=6.87,P=0.009;45.5%:34.9%,χ~2=5.37,P=0.020),而不能提高淋巴结转移数1～2个和仅有中下纵隔及上腹部区淋巴结转移的生存率(50.7%:41.2%,χ~2=3.30,P=0.069;32.0%:27.7%,χ~2=2.22,P=0.137),但可降低锁骨上区及中上纵隔区淋巴结转移例数(15:76,χ~2=18.10,P=0.000;18:97,χ~2=26.81,P=0.000).结论 N_1期胸段食管鳞癌三野根治术后放疗可提高淋巴结转移数≥13个和仪有锁骨上区及上纵隔区淋巴结转移者的生存率,并能降低锁骨上区及中上纵隔区淋巴结转移率.

Value of the number and distribution of metastatic lymph nodes in postoperative radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective To analyze the relationship between the number as well as distributions of positive lymph nodes, and the clinical outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) , And to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy . Methods From January 1993 to March 2007,945 patients with TESCC treated with three-field lymphadenectomy were involved in this study. All patients were with lymphoid metastasis but without distant metastasis. Among them, 590 patients received surgery alone and the other 355 received surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy. The radiotherapy were begun in the third or fourth week after operation and the median total radiation dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions of 2 Gy, 5 fractions per week. Results The follow-up rate was 94.5%. 189 patients finished minimal follow-up of five years. The 5-year survival rates in the surgery alone group and in the postoperative radiotherapy group were 29.6% and 38.0%, respectively (χ~2 = 10.44 ,P = 0.001). In stratification analysis, compared with the surgery alone, postoperative radiotherapy could increase the 5-year survival rate of the patients with 3 to 5 (30.5% : 23.1%, χ~2 = 4.11, P = 0.043) or > 5 positive nodes (16.7% : 8.9%, χ~2= 6.87, P= 0.009) , or metastastatic node in the region of supraclavicular or upper mediastinum (45.5% : 34.9%, χ~2= 5.37, P = 0.020). In patients with positive nodes number less than 3, or with medium mediastinum or lower mediastinum lymph nodes metastasis, postoperative radiotherapy could not increase the 5-year survival rates (50.7% : 41.2%, χ~2 = 3.30, P = 0.069 ; 32.0% : 27.7% , χ~2= 2.22 , P = 0. 137) , Though could decrease lymph nodes metastasis in supraclavicular and medium-upper mediastinum (15 : 76, χ~2 = 18.10, P = 0.000; 18 : 97, χ~2= 26.81, P = 0.000). Conclusions In TESCC patients with positive lymph nodes number ≥3 or nodes in the region of supraclavicular and upper mediastinum, postoperative radiotherapy can improve the survival after three field lymphadenectomy. And the rate of metastastatic lymph nodes in the supraclavicular region or upper-medium mediastinum can also be decreased.