百合科药用植物丫蕊花的研究进展

丫蕊花Ypsilandra thibetica是百合科丫蕊花属植物,以全草入药,具有清热解毒、散结等功效,主治瘰疬,小便不利等症,在民间应用较广泛。化学研究显示,甾体皂苷是丫蕊花的主要成分和有效成分。据作者统计,到目前为止从丫蕊花中共报道了51个甾体皂苷类化合物,包括螺甾烷和呋甾烷2种主要类型;药理实验及临床研究表明,丫蕊花具有抗肿瘤、缩宫止血及抗菌作用,尤其对多种妇科出血症的治疗有显著疗效。该文对国内外有关丫蕊花的植物学研究、品种鉴定、化学成分和药理活性等方面进展进行了详细的总结,并分析了丫蕊花作为中药重楼资源替代品的优势,同时探讨了今后研究的方向,以期为该药材的进一步研究提供有益参考,为今后的深入开发利用提供科学依据。

Research progress of Ypsilandra thibetica, a medicinal plant of Liliaceae

Ypsilandra thibetica belongs to the family Liliaceae. Its whole plant has the medicinal functions of heat-clearing and detoxifying, relieving congestion and other effects, and is used as the folk medicine to cure scrofula, dysuria embolism and other symptoms. Previous chemical studies revealed that its major and active ingredient is steroidal saponin. Up to now, more than fifty steroidal saponins, mainly composed of spirostan and furostanol types, have been described. Pharmacological and clinical studies have demonstrated that Y. thibetica has anti-tumor, uterine contractions, hemostatic and antibacterial activities, in particular for the treatment of a variety of gynecological hemorrhagic diseases. In an effort to provide references for the advanced research and development of this species, this paper summarized the research progress on its pharmacognosy, including botany and authentication, its isolated secondary metabolites, biological activities and pharmacological applications. In addition, some advantages of this species which could be potentially used as a substitute for Paridis Rhizoma, one of ingredients of the well-known drug "Yunnan Baiyao", together with the future prospect are also briefly included.