知母中呋甾皂甙的研究

自知母 Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge.根茎的乙醇提取物中,经硅胶柱层析和制备型HPLC分得四种呋甾皂甙。用化学反应和波谱(IR,FAB-MS,EI-MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,DEPT,一维多重接力CoSY,二维接力HOHAHA,¹H-¹H COSY,¹H-¹³C COSY和NOE差谱)解析,确定其结构为知母皂贰B(anemarsaponinB,I),(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-5β-呋甾-20(22)-烯-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃哺葡萄糖甙(Ⅱ),(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-5β-呋甾-3β,26-二醉-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(Ⅲ),(25S)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-甲氧基-5β-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(Ⅳ)。Ⅱ为一新的呋甾皂甙,命名为知母皂甙C;化合物Ⅳ为首次从知母中分离得到,命名为知母皂甙E。初步的药理实验显示,化合物1～Ⅳ均有一定的清除羟自由基的作用。

STUDIES ON THE FUROSTANOL SAPONINS FROM ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES BUNGE

Four furostanol saponins were isolated brom. the ethanol extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge(Liliaccae),by repeated column chromatography on silica gel and preparativeHPLC. On the basis of chemical evidences and spectral analysis(IR,FAB-MS,EI-MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,DEPT ,1D multiple relay COSY,2D RELAY-HOHAHA,¹H-¹H COSY,and NOEDS),the structures of 4 compounds were elucidated as anemarsaponin B(I),(25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyra-nosyl-5β-furcot-20(22)-ene-3β,26-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅱ),(25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-hydroxy-5β-furostane-3β, 26-diol-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside(Ⅲ) and (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-22-methoxy-5β-furost-3β,26-diol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-galactopyranoside(Ⅳ).Ⅱ is a new steroidal saponinnamed anemarsaponin C.Ⅳ,named anemarsaponin E,may be an artifact.In the·OH free radicalgenerating system of Fenton reaction,the four compounds showed scavenging effects.Furtherpharmacological tests are in progress.