昆明红火蚁种群发生特征

【目的】2013年10月云南省元谋县首次发现红火蚁。掌握红火蚁蚁巢各品级发生动态,能为当地红火蚁的防控提供技术支撑。【方法】2015年1—12月,在昆明宜良县对红火蚁蚁巢取样、分离,红火蚁取样、称重,统计红火蚁各品级的头数。【结果】地上蚁巢红火蚁蚁群数量发生高峰期在8—9月,其次是3—4月。蚁后数量比例高峰在3—4月;有翅雌蚁比例高峰在4月,其次是7月;有翅雄蚁比例高峰的在5月,其次是9月;生殖蚁幼虫和蛹比例高峰的3、4和12月。地上蚁巢工蚁、兵蚁、职能蚁幼虫和蛹数量发生的高峰期在8—9月,发生小高峰期在4月。【结论】昆明红火蚁蚁群数量动态有2个峰值,第一个峰值为8—9月,以职能蚁防治为主;第二个蜂值3—4月,以生殖蚁和职能蚁防治为主。该结果为昆明红火蚁防控技术提供了数据支撑。

Population characteristics of Solenopsis invicta in Kunming

[Aim] Solenopsis invicta Buren was first detected in Yuanmou County of Yunnan Province in October 2013. In this study, we aimed to describe the seasonal dynamics of the different casts.[Method] Ant nests were sampled, with individuals weighed, and the different casts counted in Yiliang County, Kunming from January to December 2015.[Result] In the ground-based nests, we found two abundance peaks of S. invicta, from August to September, and from March to April. The ratio of wingless S. invicta females was the highest from March to April. The ratio of winged S. invicta females was the highest in April, followed by July. For males, the ratio of winged individuals was the highest in May, followed by September. We found the highest ratios of S. invicta sexual larvae and pupae in March, April and December. Within nests, the peak of the soldiers, workers, sterile larva and pupa occurred from August to September, then in April.[Conclusion] In Kunming, S. invicta had two seasonal abundance peaks, the first one from August to September, when prevention and treatment should tackel sexual and sterile forms. During the second peak, from March to April, prevention and treatment should be aimed at sterile ants.