基于生态文明视角的典型干旱区流域水资源污染损失测算研究——以新疆区域为例

为促进新疆社会经济与水资源环境协调发展,对水资源污染损失进行经济核算,从而为政府制定区域经济发展规划及重大项目的实施提供科学决策依据。研究方法采用模糊综合评价法,选择7个社会经济活动较为频繁的典型流域,结合调查的不同流域5类水质标准数据进行具体评价。评价结果表明,2015年新疆水资源污染经济损失为175.79亿元,占当年新疆GDP总量的1.89%,相对于全国各省(自治区)水污染经济损失情况处于中等偏下水平。调查的7个流域普遍存在水资源污染情况,形成水资源污染的主观原因包括城市排污、农业排污、生活排污等,客观原因为水污染处理能力不足。亟需从产业结构调整、非点源污染治理及加强水污染处理能力等方面进行流域水资源污染综合治理。

Research on the loss of water resources pollution in typical arid area based on the perspective of ecological civilization —taking Xinjiang as an example

To promote the coordinated development of social economy and water resources environment in Xinjiang，an economic accounting of water pollution loss is conducted，so as to provide scientific decision making basis for government to formulate regional economic development plans and implementation of major projects． The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted in the research． Seven drainage basins with frequent social and economic activities are selected and five categories of water quality standard indicators of different drainage basins are applied for detailed evaluation． The evaluation results show that the economic loss of water resources pollution in Xinjiang in 2015 is 17. 579 billion yuan，accounting for 1. 89% of the total GDP of Xinjiang in that year，which is at a lower-middle level compared to the economic losses of water pollution in all provinces ( autonomous regions) in China． The water pollution is common in the studied seven drainage basins，and the subjective main causes of the water resource pollution include urban sewage discharge，agricultural sewage discharge，domestic sewage discharge，etc，while the objective cause is that the water pollution treatment capacity is insufficient． It is urgently needed to carry out comprehensive governance and management of water resources pollution in the drainage basins from the aspects of industrial restructuring，nonpoint source ( NPS) pollution control and enhancing water pollution treatment capacity，etc．