2008-2016年海淀区12所中学现在吸烟的分布和趋势分析

目的 了解海淀区中学生的现在吸烟分布和趋势,为今后制定有效干预措施提供依据。 方法 按照分层整群随机抽样方法,分别于2008、2010、2012、2014、2016年对8所初中和12所高中进行青少年健康相关行为匿名自填式问卷调查,5次样本量分别为4 259、4 016、3 975、3 869、4 819人,共计20 938人。调查员对12名校医和1名卫生监督人员进行访谈并实地观察每所学校周围烟草售卖及广告情况。 结果 海淀区中学生吸烟率为7.14%,其中,初中生为3.11%,高中生为9.99%。初中学校变异系数为82.18%,高中变异系数为106.56%。职业高中吸烟率高于普通高中(χ²＝724.955,P<0.001),普通初、高中吸烟率分别高于重点初、高中(χ²＝27.738、61.812,P<0.001),随着年级的增高吸烟率越来越高(线性趋势χ²＝301.324,P<0.001)。男生吸烟率高于女生(χ²＝415.147,P<0.001)。初中生、高中生、男生、女生、各种学校类型的吸烟率都呈下降趋势。初中生吸烟率由2008年的5.24%下降到2016年的1.05%(线性趋势χ²＝53.071,P<0.001),高中生吸烟率由2008年13.53%下降到2016年5.74%(线性趋势χ²＝79.157,P<0.001)。2010年北京市开始实施《无烟校园标准》后,初中和高中的吸烟率出现下降,2012年出现了回升。2015年实施《北京市控制吸烟条例》后,初高中的吸烟率再次出现下降。结论 海淀区中学生的现在吸烟率呈下降趋势,北京市实施的学校控烟政策可能是下降的原因之一

Analysis of distribution and trend of current smoking among middle and high school students in 12 schools in Haidian district from 2008 to 2016

Objective To know about the distribution and trend of current smoking among middle and high school students in Haidian district,in order to provide reference for making effective interventions.Methods Using multi-stage cluster random sampling method,a total of 20 938 students had been surveyed with standard questionnaires,and the sample was 4 259,4 016,3 975,3 869 and 4 819 students in 2008,2010,2012,2014 and 2016,respectively. And 12 school doctors and one health inspector were interviewed about smoking policies of the schools,the interviewers observed and recorded the on-site information about cigarette stores and advertisements around the campus. Results The current smoking rate for middle and high schoolers in Haidian was 7.14%,with 3.11% for middle schoolers and 9.99% for high schoolers. The variance coefficients for middle schools and high schools were 82.18% and 106.56%,respectively.Vocational schools had higher rate of the smoking than common high schools(χ²=724.955,P<0.001). Common high schools and middle schools held greater smoking rates than corresponding middle schools and high schools(χ²=27.738,61.812,P<0.001). Among students in higher grade,the smoking rate was much higher (χ²=301.324,P<0.001). Male students were more likely to smoke than female students (χ²=415.147,P=0.001). Current smoking prevalence has declined in any of the three school types for male or female students. Current smoking rate for middle schoolers had decreased from 5.24% in 2008 to 1.05% in 2016(χ²=53.071,P<0.001),while it was from 13.53% to 5.74% for high schoolers (χ²=79.157,P<0.001). In the wake of the enforcement of No Smoking Campus policy in 2010,current smoking rate began to drop. But in 2012,the rate rebounded. Likewise,after the implementation of Controlling Smoking Act in 2015,the smoking rate fell again. Conclusions The smoking rate for middle and high schoolers in Haidian district has been decreasing. No Smoking Campus policy implemented in 2010 and Controlling Smoking Act in Beijing approved in 2014 might have contributed to the decrease