肠道菌群改变与儿童变应性鼻炎的相关性研究

目的 探讨肠道菌群改变与儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)的相关性。方法 纳入2021年10月—2022年6月确诊为AR的患儿38例，男21例，女17例，年龄5～7岁，平均年龄5.85岁；另纳入正常儿童38例作为健康儿童组，男23例，女15例，年龄5～7岁，平均年龄5.80岁。分别收集两组粪便进行高通量测序，并对两组的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果 AR患儿肠道菌群Alpha多样性Chao1、Observed species、Shannon、Simpson、Faith’s pd、Pielou_e指数较健康儿童明显降低。两组Beta多样性存在差异。两组在门水平放线菌门、拟杆菌门等，属水平拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属等存在差异。体重(P=0.024)、被动吸烟(P=0.006)、变应性家族史(P＜0.001)、家庭居住地(P=0.017)、有无湿疹(P=0.011)、新生儿期是否使用抗生素(P＜0.001)、是否母乳喂养＞3个月(P=0.003)、是否为剖腹产(P=0.043)均有可能作为AR发病的影响因素。结论 AR患儿肠道菌群多样性与健康儿童相比发生了变化，肠道菌群生态系统的多样性、稳定性降低，多种特定菌种丰度显著改变。肠道菌群失衡可能是促进儿童AR发生发展的一个重要因素。

Correlation between changes in intestinal flora and allergic rhinitis in children

Objective To investigate the correlation between changes in intestinal flora and allergic rhinitis (AR) in children.Methods A total of 38 children diagnosed with AR from October 2021 to June 2022 in our department were included as the case group (21 males and 17 females, aged from 5 to 7 years with an average age of 5.85), and 38 normal children were included as the control group (23 males and 15 females, aged from 5 to 7 years, with an average age of 5.80). Stool specimens of the two groups were collected for high-throughput sequencing, and their clinical data were statistically analyzed.Results The Alpha diversity indexes of intestinal flora as Chao1, Observed species,Shannon, Simpson, Faith’s pd and Pielou_e in children with AR were significantly lower than those in the healthy ones. Beta diversity was different between the two groups. There were differences between the two groups on the levels of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, and on the levels of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Body weight (P=0.024), passive smoking (P=0.006), family history of anaphylaxis (P＜0.001), family residence (P=0.017), presence of eczema (P=0.011), use of antibiotics during the neonatal period (P＜0.001), breastfeeding >3 months (P=0.003), caesarean section (P=0.043) may be the influencing factors of AR.Conclusions The diversity of intestinal flora in children with AR is changed compared with that in healthy children. The diversity and stability of intestinal flora ecosystem are decreased, and the abundance of several specific bacterial species is significantly changed. Imbalance of intestinal flora may be an important factor in promoting the development of AR in children.