噬菌体特异性抗体对噬菌体治疗的影响

噬菌体治疗已成为当下防控泛耐药细菌感染的重要选择。噬菌体作为含有蛋白和核酸组分的病毒颗粒，经不同途径进入机体后，均能诱导机体产生特异性中和抗体。本文就噬菌体治疗过程中诱导机体产生的特异性中和抗体、抗体的产生规律、抗体是否影响噬菌体治疗疗效，以及可能克服抗体影响噬菌体治疗的方法等进行论述。噬菌体颗粒诱导特异性中和抗体的产生及血清抗噬菌体活性的水平与噬菌体的给予途径、类型和剂量、结构蛋白以及宿主的免疫状态、感染部位、治疗持续时间等均有关，且不同类型抗体产生时间和强度不同，均能中和噬菌体从而降低其杀菌效果。这提示在使用噬菌体治疗耐药细菌感染时，需要探索克服噬菌体中和抗体干扰的方法，或针对机体不同状态及感染类别制定相应的治疗策略，降低诱导机体产生噬菌体特异性中和抗体的风险，以获得最佳治疗效果。

Phage-specific antibodies impair its antibacterial efficacy

Phage therapy has become an important choice to control multi-drug-resistant bacteria. As viruses containing both proteins and nucleic acids, phages can induce the generation of specific neutralizing antibodies in the host. This article reviews the phage-specific neutralizing antibodies during phage therapy, particularly the law of neutralizing antibody generation, the influence of the antibodies on phages'' antibacterial efficacy, and the countermeasures against the influence. In summary, phage particles do induce the generation of specific neutralizing antibodies in the body, and the level of antibodies is correlated with the usage, type, dosage, and structural proteins of phages, the immunity of the host, and infected sites, treatment duration, etc. The generation time and yield are different among different types of antibodies. They all can neutralize phages and reduce the antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, in phage therapy, measures for controlling the neutralizing antibodies or strategies for different statuses/types of infection should be taken to reduce the generation of neutralizing antibodies and achieve the best therapeutic efficacy.