离心机模拟连续推拉动作训练方法研究

目的建立贴近实战化训练模式的连续推拉动作(PPM)离心机训练方法。方法调研提炼飞行训练中典型的PPM载荷参数,编制离心机模拟连续PPM曲线。16名战斗机飞行员作为志愿者,A组6名,采用-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0.5Gz/3s→+5 Gz/10s连续PPM曲线,B组10名,采用-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→-1Gz/3s→+7Gz/5s连续PPM曲线(根据A组建议对曲线进行了改进),进行了HP动作对抗连续PPM离心机训练。志愿者在相对-Gz(小于+1Gz)暴露时采用HP动作的呼吸方式,在向+Gz转换时开始做较用力的HP动作,记录分析+Gz耐力、心率(HR)等指标的变化。结果A组6名志愿者均完成了连续PPM离心机训练,对PPM曲线提出了改进建议。B组9名志愿者采用改进的连续PPM曲线完成离心机训练。两组在相对-Gz时的HR均显著高于安静状态(P<0.05),连续PPM暴露时的HR变化趋势说明心血管调节有持续效应,其适应负荷有滞后。结论建立了高性能战斗机飞行员连续PPM离心机训练方法,模拟连续PPM曲线中不同水平-Gz与+Gz交替作用的模式更能体现实战化训练中长时间反复空战的特点,将应用于后续飞行员离心机训练。

Study on Approach Prospect of Continuous Push-pull Effect Training with Centrifuge

Objective To establish a continuous push-pull maneuver(PPM)training method close to the actual combat on centrifuge.Methods Typical PPM parameters during flight training were investigated and extracted and centrifuge profiles simulating continuous PPM acceleration were preprogrammed.Sixteen high-performance fighter aircraft pilots served as the volunteers and were divided into 2 groups.Six volunteers in group A were exposed to a continuous PPM profile of-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0.5Gz/3s→+5Gz/10s,while 10volunteers in group B were exposed to a profile of-1Gz/3s→+6Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→0Gz/3s→+4.5 Gz/10s→2Gz/10s→-1Gz/3s→+7Gz/5s(modified according to Group A’s suggestion after training).HP maneuver were adopted to counteract the continuous PPM centrifuge training.During the relative-Gz(less than+1Gz)exposure,volunteers adopted the breathing manner of HP maneuver,and initiated sufficient HP maneuver when transiting from relative-Gz to+Gz.Changes of+Gz tolerance and HR during the training were recorded and analyzed.Results All 6volunteers in group A completed the continuous PPM centrifuge training and proposed suggestions to modify the profile.Nine volunteers in group B completed the training of the modified PPM profile.HR during relative-Gz in two groups were significantly higher than those at+1Gz(P<0.05).Changes of HR during continuous PPM exposures indicated the durative effect of cardiovascular adjustment which might lead to its delayed response to G load.Conclusion The approach of continuous PPM centrifuge training was established and the PPM profile with alternating exposures of different levels of-Gz and+Gz could better reflect the characteristic of long repeated air combat in actual operational flight training.It may be applied to pilot centrifuge training in the future.