富氧多孔炭的合成及其在电化学储能中的作用

多孔炭在电化学储能器件中具有不可或缺的作用。本文主要介绍了富氧多孔炭材料的物理化学特性、表面含氧官能团的种类及表征方法；总结了富氧多孔炭常见的合成方法并分析了各种方法的优缺点；以超级电容器和锂/钠离子电池为例，阐述了近年来富氧多孔炭材料在储能应用方面的研究进展，探讨了含氧官能团在储能过程中的作用机理；指出了富氧多孔炭应用于电极材料时高比容量与高导电性能相互制约的问题，提出理性设计多孔炭结构中含氧官能团的类型及数量，可以在保持多孔炭电化学稳定性的同时，为多孔炭提供丰富的氧化还原活性位，提高其与电解质的亲和性，从而提升储能器件的能量密度；并展望了含氧官能团原位表征技术的开发与材料先进结构组分的设计等富氧多孔炭储能电极的未来发展方向。

Synthesis and electrochemical energy storage effect of oxygen-rich porous carbon

Porous carbon materials have played an indispensable role in electrochemical energy storage devices. This review introduced the physical and chemical properties as well as the common synthesis methods of oxygen-rich porous carbon materials. Besides, combining with the recent related progress in the fields of supercapacitors and lithium/sodium ion batteries, it discussed the action mechanism of oxygen functional groups during energy storage, and pointed out the mutual restriction of high specific capacity and high conductivity of oxygen-rich porous carbons when used in electrode materials. Moreover, it put forward that the reasonable design of types and amounts of oxygen functional groups in porous carbon materials could provide abundant redox active sites and enhance electrolyte affinity, and thus significantly promote energy density of porous carbon electrode materials, while maintaining original electrochemical stability. Finally, it proposed some important aspects for the future development of oxygen-rich porous carbon electrode materials mainly in the exploration of in situ characterization techniques and advanced structural and component design.