碳点用于光催化分解水制氢的研究进展

光催化分解水制氢是获取氢能的理想方式，开发高效的光催化剂成为本领域研究的热点。碳点因为具有独特的上转换性能、可见光响应以及带隙可调的性质且水溶性好、无生物毒性、光致发光性能优异，在光催化产氢领域的应用引起了极大关注。目前合成碳点的方法主要包括自上而下和自下而上两种方式。通过表面钝化、表面功能化或元素掺杂等改性手段可以进一步增强碳点的光电性能和抗腐蚀性能。本文从碳点主要的制备和改性手段出发，概述了近年来碳点用于光催化分解水制氢领域主要的研究成果，总结了碳点分别作为光催化剂主体、助催化剂、光敏剂以及Z型结构的电子转移介质在光催化制氢中的应用。同时指出目前碳点在光催化制氢领域还普遍存在着机理不明晰、产氢效率偏低的问题，未来该领域的研究方向将侧重于大规模合成结构更精确、目标特定性更强的碳点以及探究碳点在光催化产氢过程中的优化机制。

Research progress of carbon dots in photocatalytic hydrogen production

Photocatalytic water splitting is an ideal way to obtain clean energy-hydrogen. The development of efficient photocatalysts has become a research hotspot in this field. Carbon dots have unique up-conversion properties, visible light response and tunable band gap, as well as good water solubility, no biological toxicity and excellent photoluminescence properties. Therefore, its application in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production has attracted great attention. A variety of methods for synthesizing carbon dots have been studied, including top-down and bottom-up methods. Modification methods such as surface passivation, surface functionalization or element doping can improve the photoelectric performance and corrosion resistance of carbon dots. This paper reviews the literature on the preparation methods, modification methods and the application of carbon dots in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen production in recent years. It is concluded that carbon dots can play the roles of photocatalyst, co-catalyst, photosensitizer and electron transfer mediator of Z-scheme structure in the application of photocatalytic hydrogen production. At the same time, there exists the problems of unclear mechanism and low hydrogen production efficiency. Designing and large-scale producing of carbon dots with precise structures and specific functions as well as exploring the mechanism in the process of photocatalytic hydrogen production will be focused in the future.