向日葵干物质转运及产量对播种期和栽培密度的响应

以油用向日葵T562为供试材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了5个播期（4月25日、5月2日、5月9日、5月16日及5月23日）和4个种植密度（3.75×10⁴、4.50×10⁴、5.25×10⁴、6.00×10⁴株/hm²）条件下向日葵干物质转运及产量变化。结果表明：随着播期的推迟,向日葵各生育期均缩短,播期对向日葵出苗至开花阶段影响较大,对开花至成熟阶段影响较小。成熟期植株干物质积累量在不同密度下的均值依次为4.50×10⁴>3.75×10⁴>6.00×10⁴>5.25×10⁴株/hm²。随种植密度的增加单盘粒重逐渐降低,产量逐渐增加。籽仁率在播期5月16日、密度5.25×10⁴株/hm²处理下达最大,为74.09%;百粒重及产量在播期5月2日、密度6.00×10⁴株/hm²处理下达最大,分别为8.76g、6859.00kg/hm²;单盘粒重在播期5月23日、密度3.75×10⁴株/hm²处理下达到最大,为138.14g。

Response of Dry Matter Transportion and Yield to Sowing Date and Planting Density on Sunflower

Dry matter transfer and yield changes of 'T562' sunflower under five sowing dates (25th April, 2nd May, 9th May, 16th May, and 23th May) with four planting densities (3.75×10⁴, 4.50×10⁴, 5.25×10⁴, and 6.00×10⁴ plant/ha) were studied. The results revealed that the sowing dates showed a high impact during the seedling to flowering stage and a low impact during the flowering to mature stage of sunflower. Under different conditions of planting densities, the treatment order of the average dry matter accumulation of plants at mature stage was 4.50×10⁴ > 3.75×10⁴ > 6.00×10⁴ > 5.25×10⁴ plant/ha. The grain weight per disc was decreased gradually and the yield was increased gradually with the increase of planting density. The grain rate reached the maximum (74.09%) at the sowing date of 16th May when the density was 5.25×10⁴ plant/ha; the 100-seed weight and yield reached the maximum at the sowing date of 2nd May while the planting density was 6.00×10⁴ plant/ha, and the values were 8.76g and 6859.00kg/ha, respectively; the grain weight per disc reached the maximum (138.14g) at the sowing date of 23th May when the density was 3.75×10⁴ plant/ha.