动脉性肾出血的急诊介入栓塞治疗

目的：探讨动脉性肾出血急诊造影的不同表现及介入栓塞治疗方法与疗效。方法对87例经保守治疗无效的动脉性肾出血患者行急诊肾动脉造影,明确出血动脉部位及程度后,使用弹簧圈、丙烯酸微球等栓塞剂行急诊介入栓塞治疗。对急性肾出血的动脉造影表现及栓塞效果进行回顾性分析。结果43例患者动脉造影可见单纯性对比剂外溢,13例为对比剂外溢合并肾动静脉瘘(RAVF)；15例为肾假性动脉瘤(RAP),其中包括5例 RAP 破裂合并 RAVF 及1例 RAP 破裂合并肾动脉-肾盏瘘；15例为肿瘤血管出血；1例为肾动静脉畸形(RAVM)。47例患者介入术前行肾动脉 CT 血管造影(CTA)检查。82例患者采用急诊栓塞治疗后血尿完全停止或明显减少,3例肾外伤患者及2例经皮肾镜取石术后患者介入术后仍有持续血尿,行外科手术切除患肾。栓塞术后随诊2年,急诊介入栓塞治疗总有效率为94.25%(82/87),所有患者无严重并发症出现。结论介入栓塞术是治疗急性肾出血的一种有效、安全、微创的方法,可最大限度地保留肾功能；急性肾出血动脉造影表现不一；合理地选择栓塞剂是成功止血的关键；介入术前行肾脏 CTA 检查对肾出血的诊断及治疗有重要价值。

Emergency interventional embolization for the treatment of renal arterial hemorrhage

Objective To evaluate the different arteriographic manifestations of acute renal arterial hemorrhage,and the treatment effects of emergency interventional embolization.Methods 87 patients with renal arterial hemorrhage who were failed to conservative treatment underwent the renal arteriography to confirm the position and degree of lesion.According to the arteriographic manifesta-tions,appropriate embolic agents such as spring coil,acrylic acid microspheres and the like were used to embolize the targeted vessel. The arteriographic manifestations and embolization efficacy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Contrast medium leakage was showed by renal angiography in 43 patients,13 of whom had arterio-venous fistula (AVF)and 1 5 of whom had renal pseudoaneu-rysms (RAP).Among this 1 5 patients,there were 5 patients with arteriovenous fistula and one patiernt with artery-calyces fistula. Hemorrhage of tumor vessel was shown in 1 5 patients and renal arteriovenous malformation (RAVM)in 1.47 patients underwent renal artery CT arteriography before emergency interventional embolization.The hematuresis was completely stopped or significantly relieved in 82 of all patients.Only 3 patients with renal trauma and 2 patients with percutaneous nephroscope were still had haematu-ria.All patients were followed up for 2 years.The total effective rate of emergency interventional embolization treatment was 94.25%(82/87),and no serious complications were observed.Conclusion As a safe,effective and micro-invasive treatment,emergency in-terventional embolization therapy can be used to treat the acute renal hemorrhage effectively.It can keep the maximum renal func-tion.Though acute renal hemorrhage angiography may have different manifestations,the choice of embolic agents is the key to stop the symptom.Renal artery CTA before embolotherapy is important for the diagnosis and therapy of acute renal hemorrhage.