2015—2017年中国城市居民对肿瘤防治知识的需求、获取途径及相关因素分析

目的分析2015—2017年中国城市居民对肿瘤防治知识的需求情况、获取途径及相关因素。方法采用横断面调查的方法,于2015—2017年以2015年度城市癌症早诊早治项目覆盖的16个项目省份为研究现场,采用整群及方便抽样的方法,将年龄≥18岁、能够理解调查程序的居民纳入研究,共32257名,社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者及职业人群分别有15524、8016、2289、6428名。采用自制的调查问卷收集一般人口学特征、肿瘤防治知识需求情况、获取途径及影响其态度的原因等资料。以χ2检验分析不同特征研究对象肿瘤预防知识需求率的差异;采用logistic回归模型分析肿瘤防治知识的相关因素。结果研究对象整体对肿瘤防治知识的需求率为79.5%,在肿瘤患病的诱因、症状表现、诊断方法防治知识方面,职业人群的需求率最高(P值均<0.001),分别为66.8%、71.0%、20.8%,在治疗方法和治疗费用防治知识方面,现患癌症患者的需求率最高,分别为45.9%和21.9%。肿瘤防治知识获取途径排在前三位的分别为"广播或电视(69.5%)""书报、海报或宣传册(44.7%)"和"家人朋友(33.8%)"。与事业单位人员/公务员、未婚/同居/离婚/丧偶及其他、2014年家庭年收入<2.0万元人民币、东部地区、未被诊断过癌症、自评有患癌风险人群相比,企业人员/工人、已婚、2014年家庭年收入6.0万~14.9万元、中部地区、患有癌症、自评不清楚自身是否有患癌风险的人群对肿瘤防治知识需求意愿相对较高(P值均<0.05)。结论2015—2017年我国城市居民肿瘤防治知识需求率较高,肿瘤防治知识主要获取途径为广播或电视;职业、婚姻状况、家庭年收入、区域、健康状态、患病风险是肿瘤防治需求情况的主要相关因素。

Analysis on the demand,access and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017

Objective To investigate the demand and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017.A total of 32257 local residents aged≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method.All local residents were categorized into four groups,which contained 15524 community residents,8016 cancer risk assessment/screening population,2289 cancer patients and 6428 occupational population,respectively.The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of general demographic characteristics,the demand and access to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge,and the influencing factors of the attitude.The Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of the demand of the cancer prevention knowledge among different groups and the corresponding factors of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were analyzed by using the logistic regression model.Results The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.5%.The demand rate of the inducement,symptom and diagnosis methods of cancer in the occupational population was highest,about 66.8%,71.0%and 20.8%,respectively.The demand rate of treatment methods and cost in current cancer patients was the highest,about the 45.9%and 21.9%,respectively.The top three sources to acquire the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were"broadcast or television"(69.5%),"books,newspapers,posters or brochures"(44.7%)and"family and friends"(33.8%).The multivariate analysis showed that compared with public institution personnel/civil servants,unmarried/cohabiting/divorced/widowed and others,annual household income less than 20000 CNY,from the eastern region,people without cancer diagnosis and people with self-assessment of cancer risk,the demand rate of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was higher in enterprise personnel/workers,married,annual household income between 60000 CNY and 150000 CNY,from the central region,people with cancer and people with unclear cancer risk(all P values<0.05).Conclusion There was a high demand for the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017.The main access to the knowledge is from the radio or television.The occupation,marital status,annual household income,residential region,health status and risk of disease were the main factors of the demand of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge.