中国南方7省冰冻天气时空分布规律研究

利用我国南方7省1951～2008年112站逐日气象资料，采用极差标准化数据处理技术，设计了可反映我国南方地区冰冻天气时空分布的综合指标体系。指标体系定义了冰冻日、单站冰冻天气过程、综合冰冻指数及区域持续性冰冻过程，并基于综合冰冻指数分位数，对冰冻天气过程进行了分级。给出了发生区域持续性冰冻过程年度的冰冻起止时间和地理分布范围，通过对冰冻日、雨凇雾凇日、冰冻指数及其重现期等项目分析，揭示了我国南方地区冰冻天气时空分布规律，主要有：（1）我国南方地区发生区域持续性冰冻灾害天气最严重的前5位分别为2008、1955、1984、1964、1957年度，其中2007～2008年度最严重。1951～2008年冰冻日数和冰冻指数减小明显；（2）贵州是我国南方地区冰冻天气最为严重省份，其次为安徽、湖南和湖北。冰冻天气与海拔高度相关性较好，海拔越高，冰冻越严重；（3）我国南方地区的冰冻天气，贵州和湖南南部地区以冻雨为主，其他地区以降雪为主。经评估分析，综合冰冻天气指数具有时间和空间可比性，可较好地描述大范围冰冻天气的时空分布规律

ON SPATIAL TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FREEZING WEATHER IN SOUTHERN CHINA

Using daily meteorological data from 1951 to 2008 on 112 stations of seven provinces in southern China，the Maximum Difference Normalization Data Analysis Method was used to develop a Comprehensive Index System(CIS) which could reflect the temporal and spatial distribution of the freezing weather happened in southern China.The index system defined the freezing day，the freezing process at single station，freezing index and regional consecutive freezing process，finally the freezing process was classified based on the fraction of Comprehensive Freezing Index，the annual starting and ending data and geographical range in consecutive freezing process were given.Results show that：(1)The five serious regional consecutive freezing disasters happened in southern China are in 2008，1955，1984，1964 and 1957，especially in early 2008，and the number of frost days and Freezing Index decreased obviously during 1951~2008；(2)The most extreme freezing weather happened in Guizhou Province，next in Anhui，Hunan and Hubei Province.The freezing weather showed better correlation with the altitude，i.e.，the higher of the altitude the more extreme of the frozen；(3)In southern China，ice storm happened mainly in Guizhou province and in southern Hunan province while other regions are snowfall.The Comprehensive Synoptic Weather Index proposed in this paper is comparable in spatial temporal variation，and can well describe the spatial temporal variation of the freezing weather